46% نسبة الفقر بالسودان
آلاف السودانيين يعتمدون على معونات برنامج الغذاء العالمي (الفرنسية)
كشف أول تقرير ينجزه السودان حول التنمية البشرية أن 46% من سكانه في الشمال والجنوب يعيشون تحت خط الفقر، و14% يعيشون في فقر مدقع، وأشار التقرير الذي أعلنت نتائجها اليوم وزارة الرعاية والضمان الاجتماعي أن معدل البطالة بالسودان ارتفع إلى 19% مع نهاية 2010.
وخلص التقرير إلى وقوع تقهقر كبير في مؤشرات التنمية البشرية في المناطق التي تشهد توتر وصراعات، وأوصى واضعو التقرير بزيادة مخصصات حكومة الخرطوم لجسر الهوة بين هذه المناطق في ما يخص الاستفادة من الخدمات العامة بغرض التخفيف من حدة الصراعات.
وأشار موقع وزارة الرعاية والضمان الاجتماعي على الإنترنت إلى أن التقرير الوطني للتنمية البشرية أشرفت عليه جامعة الجزيرة وقد انطلق العمل فيه في 2008، وشارك فيه -فضلا عن فريق البحث من الجامعة المذكورة- ثمانية من المتخصصين ولجنة دولية من المراجعين.
ووصفت وزيرة الرعاية والضمان الاجتماعي أميرة الفاضل التقرير بأنه "آلية فاعلة لخلق الحوار الاجتماعي والسياسي، وهو بمثابة إنذار مبكر لرصد الفجوات والتغيرات".
تنمية متدنية
وكان تقرير التنمية البشرية الذي أنجزه صندوق الأمم المتحدة الإنمائي للعام الماضي قد صنف السودان في المرتبة 154 عالميا ضمن مؤشر التنمية البشرية، وذلك ضمن أدنى دول العالم التي تتميز بتنمية متدنية، ويشير التقرير الأممي إلى أن دخل الفرد بالسودان لا يتجاوز 1353 دولارا سنويا.
ويبلغ عدد المحرومين في السودان من خدمات شبكة الكهرباء 65%، ومن شبكة الماء الصالح للشرب 43%، ومن شبكة التطهير 46% وفق بيانات التقرير الأممي.
اختر البلد إثيوبيا أذربيجان أرجنتين أردن أرض الصومال أرمينيا إريتريا إسبانيا أستراليا إستونيا إسرائيل آسيا أفرست أفريقيا أفريقيا الوسطى أفغانستان إكوادور ألبانيا ألمانيا إمارات عربية متحدة أميركا الشمالية أميركا اللاتينية أنتيغوا أنتيليس الفرنسية أنتيليس الهولندية أندورا إندونيسيا أنغولا أورغواى أوروبا أوزبكستان أوغندا أوكرانيا إيران أيرلندا آيسلندا إيطاليا اتحاد سوفيتي سابق القارة القطبية بابوا غينيا الجديدة باراغواي باربودا باكستان بتسوانا بحرين برازيل بربادوس برتغال برمودا بروناي بلجيكا بلغاريا بليز بنغلاديش بنما بهاما بوتان بورتوريكو بوركينا فاسو بوروندي بوسنة بولندا بوليفيا بيرو بيلاروس بينين تايلند تايوان تركمانستان تركيا ترينداد وتوباغو تشاد تشيكيا تشيلي تنزانيا توغو تونس تونغا تيمور الشرقية جامايكا جبل الأسود جزائر جزر العذراء ( بريطانية ) جزر القمر جزر سلومون جزر كيب فيردي جنوب أفريقيا جورجيا جيبوتي دانمارك دومينيكا دومينيكان رواندا روسيا رومانيا ريونيون زامبيا زيمبابوي ساحل العاج سان مارينو ساوتومي و برنسيب سريلانكا سعودية سلفادور سلوفاكيا سلوفينيا سنت بير و ميقيولون سنت لوسيا سنغافورة سنغال سوازيلاند سودان سوريا سورينام سويد سويسرا سيراليون سيشل شرق أوسط شيشان صربيا صومال صين طاجيكستان عالم إسلامي عالم عربي عالمي عراق عُمان غابون غامبيا غانا غرينلاند غواتيمالا غويانا غيانا غينيا غينيا الاستوائية غينيا بيساو فاتيكان فرنسا فلبين فلسطين فنزويلا فنلندا فيتنام فيجي قبرص قرغيزستان قطر كازاخستان كاميرون كرواتيا كمبوديا كندا كوبا كوريا الجنوبية كوريا الشمالية كوستاريكا كوسوفو كولومبيا كونغو ( زائير ) كونغو برازافيل كويت كينيا لاتفيا لاوس لبنان لوكسمبورغ ليبيا ليبيريا ليتوانيا ليخنشتين ليسوتو مالديف مالطا مالي ماليزيا ماينمار (بورما) مجر ( هنغاريا ) مدغشقر مصر مغرب مقدونيا مكسيك ملاوي مملكة متحدة منغوليا موريتانيا موريشيوس موزمبيق مولدوفا موناكو ناميبيا ناورو نرويج نمسا نيبال نيجر نيجيريا نيكاراغوا نيوزيلندا هاييتي هند هندوراس هولندا ولايات متحدة أميركية يابان يمن يوغسلافيا يونان
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تعليقات القراء
التعليقات المنشورة لا تعبر عن رأي الجزيرة وإنما تعبر عن رأي أصحابها
3
سيافي ابو علي
سودان
حرام عليكي ياقناة الجزيرة نسبة الفقر في السودان ٩٥% ارجو ان لاتصدقوا الحكومة السودانية
2
دينق لوال مجاك
Australia
هذه التقرير خير شاهد وبما ان اشكك فيها بعض الشئ لان نسبة الفقر في جنوب وحده يتجاوز ٩٠٪ وشرق السودان وغرب لا تقلا شي من السابق النسبة فكيف نصدق جماعة المؤتمر الوطني وهم يتفاخرون بالإنجازات الحقيقة شعب السودان الزي يعيش تحت الخط الفقر يتجاوز ٧٠٪ بشهادة المنظمات الدولية التابع للأمم المتحدة . وشكراً
1
الشايقي
الخرطوم
ٌفي حين ان مرتبات ومخصصات المسئولين بالحزب اللاوطني الحاكم تصل الى 300 الف دولار كما هو حال مدير سوق الخرطوم للاوراق الماليه فما بالك بالولاة والوزراء !!
Blogger comment:
Dictatorship comes in many forms and colors, secular, theocratic, family-owned or fake seculo-religious. The bottom line is the same injustice, oppression and corruption. Sudan tyrant and his connected elites all you hear about them are wars and slaughters. I am not calling for the Sudanese to go in revolution. In fact if I am in the middle east I would convince people to get one tyrant down at a time and in an organized way and with no blood shed or close to minimal as well I would get them to unite and have good governance. A lot of people do not like to see me in the middle east particularly the tyrants. For Sudanese Muslims and Christians no revolutions but dialogue to get the tyrants and corrupt down.
Sunday, July 03, 2011
Types of reasoning in the Quran
From: http://www.quran-miracle.info/Quran-Reasoning.htm
Reasoning within an argument gives the rationale behind why one choice, for example should be selected over another. Types of reasoning include:
Abduction: the process of creating explanatory hypotheses.
Analogical reasoning: relating things to novel other situations.
Cause-and-effect reasoning: showing causes and resulting effect.
Comparative reasoning: comparing one thing against another.
Conditional reasoning: using if...then...
Criteria reasoning: comparing against established criteria.
Decompositional reasoning: understand the parts to understand the whole.
Deductive reasoning: starting from the general rule and moving to specifics.
Inductive reasoning: starting from specifics and deriving a general rule.
Modal logic: arguing about necessity and possibility.
Traditional logic: assuming premises are correct.
Pros-vs-cons reasoning: using arguments both for and against a case.
Set-based reasoning: based on categories and membership relationships.
Systemic reasoning: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Syllogistic reasoning: drawing conclusions from premises.
Note that these are not all mutually exclusive methods and several give different lenses onto overlapping areas. In classical argument, for example, all arguments are framed as either inductive or deductive.
Types of reasoning in Quran
Abduction
Description
A is observed. If B were true, then A would be true. Therefore B may be true.
Abductive reasoning, or abduction, is the process of explaining something that is experienced or observed in some way and where there is no existing knowledge to explain the phenomenon. It creates a hypothesis that may or may not be true and which may require further work to verify.
Example
A doctor, meeting a set of symptoms not met before, considers diseases that have similar symptoms and wonders if the presented condition is something similar.
Example from Quran
Bakara/85 (A.Yusuf Ali)After this it is ye, the same people, who slay among yourselves, and banish a party of you from their homes; assist (their enemies) against them, in guilt and transgression; and if they come to you as captives, ye ransom them, though it was not lawful for you to banish them. Then is it only a part of the Book that ye believe in, and do ye reject the rest? but what is the reward for those among you who behave like this but disgrace in this life?- and on the Day of Judgment they shall be consigned to the most grievous penalty. For Allah is not unmindful of what ye do.
Analogical reasoning
Description
A is like B. M is in A. N is in B. So M is like N.
In analogical reasoning, an analogy for a given thing or situation is found, where the analogy is like the given thing in some way. Other attributes of the analogical situation are then taken to also represent other attributes of the given thing.
To use an analogy:
Start with a target domain where you want to create new understanding.
Find a general matching domain where some things are similar to the target domain.
Find specific items from the matching domain.
Find related items in the target domain.
Transfer attributes from the matching domain to the target domain.
Example
This company is like a racehorse. It's run fast and won the race, and now it needs feed and rest for a while.
Dating of it like flying. At some point, your feet are going to leave the ground.
Example from Quran
Bakara/223Your wives are as a tilth unto you; so approach your tilth when or how ye will; but do some good act for your souls beforehand; and fear Allah. And know that ye are to meet Him (in the Hereafter), and give (these) good tidings to those who believe.
Cause-and-effect reasoning
Description
When you are presenting an argument, show the cause-and-effect that is in operation. Help the other person see why things have happened or will happen as they do.
Show purpose. Link things to higher values. Show the inevitable linkage between what happens first and what happens next. Go beyond correlation (that may show coincidence) to giving
irrefutable evidence of causality.
If you cannot show causal linkage, then you may be successful just by asserting it, because few people will challenge a cause-and-effect assertion.
Example
Say this
Not this
If I help you, you will be more successful.
I will help you.
When the moon is high, things are abroad.
Things are sometimes abroad.
The new additive to fuel makes your car go so much further.
Add our new fuel additive to your car.
Example from Quran
Al-i Imran/160If Allah helps you, none can overcome you: If He forsakes you, who is there, after that, that can help you? In Allah, then, let believers put their trust.
Comparative reasoning
Description
Comparative reasoning establishes the importance of something by comparing it against something else.
The size of the gap between the things compared indicates importance. Compare against a high standard to make something look undesirable. Compare it against a weak example to make it look good.
To create a logical argument, first establish the validity of the comparison benchmark. For less logic, the benchmark may be assumed.
There are many ways to compare, for example:
Compare what people have got (or not got) against what others have.
Compare the past with the future.
Compare what is actual with what is ideal.
Compare words and actions against values.
Example
Say this
Not this
I guess your wife will want something good-looking. How about this one?
This is the right one for you!
How will we know when we have succeeded? Let's discuss this first...
Success means maximum profits.
Our manifesto says we must help those who cannot help themselves. Now, can this person help himself?
We should not help this man.
Example(s) from Quran
Enam/122Can he who was dead, to whom We gave life, and a Light whereby he can walk amongst men, be like him who is in the depths of darkness, from which he can never come out? Thus to those without faith their own deeds seem pleasing.
Nahl/75Allah sets forth the Parable (of two men: one) a slave under the dominion of another; He has no power of any sort; and (the other) a man on whom We have bestowed goodly favors from Ourselves, and he spends thereof (freely), privately and publicly: are the two equal? (By no means;) praise be to Allah. But most of them know not.
Conditional Reasoning
If...then...
Conditional reasoning is based on an 'if A then B' construct that posits B to be true if A is true.
Note that this leaves open the question of what happens when A is false, which means that in this case, B can logically be either true or false.
A classic form of conditional reasoning is in using syllogisms, where a general major premise is combined with a more specific minor premise to form a conclusion. Syllogisms are easy to get wrong and there are many fallacies.
Example from Quran
Sebe/14
Then, when We decreed (Solomon's) death, nothing showed them his death except a little worm of the earth, which kept (slowly) gnawing away at his staff: so when he fell down, the Jinns saw plainly that if they had known the unseen, they would not have tarried in the humiliating Chastisement (of their Task).
Criteria reasoning
Description
Start by defining the criteria by which the outcome of a decision will be judged, and then identify the best decision, given these constraints.
In a logical argument, you will spend much time establishing the criteria as valid first. In a less logical situation, you may assume the criteria are correct, minimizing the time spent on any discussion about them.
Criteria which appeal to common values are likely to be easily accepted.
Example
Say this
Not this
I guess your wife will want something good-looking. How about this one?
This is the right one for you!
How will we know when we have succeeded? Let's discuss this first...
Success means maximum profits.
Our manifesto says we must help those who cannot help themselves. Now, can this person help himself?
We should not help this man.
Example from Quran
Bakara/258Hast thou not turned thy vision to one who disputed with Abraham about his Lord, because Allah had granted him power? Abraham said: "My Lord is He Who Giveth life and death." He said: "I give life and death". Said Abraham: "But it is Allah that causeth the sun to rise from the east: Do thou then cause it to rise from the west." Thus was he confounded who (in arrogance) rejected faith. Nor doth Allah Give guidance to a people unjust.
Deductive reasoning
Description
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts with a general case and deduces specific instances.
Deduction is used by scientists who take a general scientific law and apply it to a certain case.
Sherlock Holmes used deduction when he took some general indicators and deduced the specific details of a rather knotty case.
Example
Say this
Not this
Gravity makes things fall. The apple that hit my head was due to gravity.
The apple hit my head. Gravity works!
They are all like that -- just look at him!
Look at him. They are all like that.
Toyota make wonderful cars. Let me show you this one.
These cars are all wonderful. They are made by Toyota, it seems.
There is a law against smoking. Stop it now.
Stop smoking, please.
Example from Quran
Al-i Imran/110Ye are the best of peoples, evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right, forbidding what is wrong, and believing in Allah. If only the People of the Book had faith, it were best for them: among them are some who have faith, but most of them are perverted transgressors.
Inductive reasoning
Description
Inductive reasoning, or induction, is reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule.
Derive a general rule in an accepted area and then apply the rule in the area where you want the person to behave.
Give them lots of detail, then explain what it all means.
Talk about the benefits of all the parts and only get to the overall benefits later.
Take what has happened and give a plausible explanation for why it has happened.
Inductive arguments can include:
Part-to-whole: where the whole is assumed to be like individual parts (only bigger).
Extrapolations: where areas beyond the area of study are assumed to be like the studied area.
Predictions: where the future is assumed to be like the past.
Example
Say this
Not this
Look at how those people are behaving. They must be mad.
Those people are all mad.
All of your friends are good. You can be good, too.
Be good.
The base costs is XXX. The extras are XXX, plus tax at XXX. Overall, it is great deal at YYY.
It will cost YYY. This includes XXX for base costs, XXX for extras and XXX for tax.
Heating was XXX, lighting was YYY, parts were ZZZ, which adds up to NNN. Yet revenue was RRR. This means we must cut costs!
We need to cut costs, as our expenditure is greater than our revenue.
Example from Quran
Maide/43
But why do they come to thee for decision, when they have (their own) Torah before them?- therein is the (plain) command of Allah; yet even after that, they would turn away. For they are not (really) People of Faith.
Modal logic
Description
Describe things in terms of possibility and necessity. Also explore how there intertwine.
Do not state things in terms of absolute truth, but say how likely it is.
For necessity, talk about how necessary something is. Thus use words like can, may, should, ought, must, have to.
Talking about how true or necessary something is gives you more potential in arguments as you now have an analogue continuity of alternatives, rather than the black-and-white binary decision of simply whether something is true or false, necessary or unnecessary.
Example
Say this
Not this
The door might be open.
The door is open.
You must do it.
You do it.
They could come here.
They will come here.
Example from Quran
Araf/130
We punished the people of Pharaoh with years (of droughts) and shortness of crops; that they might receive admonition.
Pros-vs-cons reasoning
Description
Pros-vs-cons reasoning seeks to weigh up the arguments for a case (pros) against the arguments against the case (cons).
The argument will usually end up with a conclusion of whether the pros or cons are stronger, thus precipitating a 'reasonable' conclusion. Things that will make a 'pro' stronger (and vice versa) include:
More logical arguments.
More evidence being displayed (including actions and perceptions of other people).
Greater emphasis being put on key words.
More arguments for the case.
Starting with the favored side allows you to fill the other person's mind with the key points, such that the second list becomes less easy to absorb. Starting with the disfavored side allows you to make it sound reasonable, then knock down each of the disfavored arguments with stronger arguments for the contrary case.
You can also choose between giving all of one side and all of another or alternating between each side (the latter is good for comparing related for-and-against arguments).
Example
Say this
Not this
It is useful and cheap, but on the other hand it won't last long and will make you look ungenerous.
It won't last long and will make you look ungenerous.
James likes it, Jan likes it, Bill likes it, Fred likes it. Only Sam and Alice don't like it.
Most people like it.
Look at the list of features on this...But when you try it at home, you may find that...
When you try it at home, you may find that...
Example from Quran
Bakara/219
They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: "In them is great sin, and some profit, for men; but the sin is greater than the profit." They ask thee how much they are to spend; Say: "What is beyond your needs." Thus doth Allah make clear to you His Signs: In order that ye may consider-
Set-based reasoning
Description
Set-based reasoning is founded on Set Theory. Its arguments range around whether things are members of named groups or not, thus 'A dog is an animal but not a vegetable'.
The basic assumption is one of membership, that an item can be categorized into a given group or set. This also assumes that both the item and the set exist in the first place. The following argument then may include consideration of the overlap between sets and the implications of this.
Set reasoning often thus includes statements along the lines of:
A is a B
If A is a B then...
A is not a B, but it is a C
A is both C and D, therefore...
Example
Say this
Not this
He works for Microsoft. Microsoft people are intelligent. Therefore he is intelligent.
He works for Microsoft and is intelligent.
If this is an international standard CD then it will use ISO standard encryption coding.
ISO encryption will be used here.
If he is both Italian and lives in New York, then he is likely to be fond of pizza.
He probably likes pizza.
Example from Quran
Enbiya/98-99
Verily ye, (unbelievers), and the (false) gods that ye worship besides Allah, are (but) fuel for Hell! to it will ye (surely) come!
If these had been gods, they would not have got there! But each one will abide therein.
Decomposition
Description
Break the item in question down into its component parts. Analyze those parts and how they fit together. And then draw conclusions about the whole.
Example
I want to find out how a rubic cube operates. I pull it apart to see its hidden workings. By reassembling it slowly, I am able to explain its apparently magical cohesion as a whole in terms of three-dimensional geometry.
I listen to your argument and take note of each element. I then argue against each element in turn. Having destroyed the parts, I then assume I have destroyed the whole argument.
Example from Quran
Muminun/78
It is He Who has created for you (the faculties of) hearing, sight, feeling and understanding: little thanks it is ye give!
Systemic reasoning
Description
Understand something by considering it as a whole system. Analyze not just the parts but also the relationships between the parts.
You can use decompositional reasoning to identify parts, but go beyond this in considering the additional things beyond just the parts.
Example
I argue for a new square in the middle of town by considering the aesthetics of space and the relationships between the empty square and the tall buildings around it. I also consider the dynamics of movement and pauses of people during parts of the day and weekend.
Example from Quran
Yasin/40
It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon, nor can the Night outstrip the Day: each (just) swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law).
Decomposition & Induction used together
Example from Quran
Araf/179
Many are the Jinns and men we have made for Hell: They have hearts wherewith they understand not, eyes wherewith they see not, and ears wherewith they hear not. They are like cattle,- nay more misguided: for they are heedless (of warning).
Reasoning within an argument gives the rationale behind why one choice, for example should be selected over another. Types of reasoning include:
Abduction: the process of creating explanatory hypotheses.
Analogical reasoning: relating things to novel other situations.
Cause-and-effect reasoning: showing causes and resulting effect.
Comparative reasoning: comparing one thing against another.
Conditional reasoning: using if...then...
Criteria reasoning: comparing against established criteria.
Decompositional reasoning: understand the parts to understand the whole.
Deductive reasoning: starting from the general rule and moving to specifics.
Inductive reasoning: starting from specifics and deriving a general rule.
Modal logic: arguing about necessity and possibility.
Traditional logic: assuming premises are correct.
Pros-vs-cons reasoning: using arguments both for and against a case.
Set-based reasoning: based on categories and membership relationships.
Systemic reasoning: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Syllogistic reasoning: drawing conclusions from premises.
Note that these are not all mutually exclusive methods and several give different lenses onto overlapping areas. In classical argument, for example, all arguments are framed as either inductive or deductive.
Types of reasoning in Quran
Abduction
Description
A is observed. If B were true, then A would be true. Therefore B may be true.
Abductive reasoning, or abduction, is the process of explaining something that is experienced or observed in some way and where there is no existing knowledge to explain the phenomenon. It creates a hypothesis that may or may not be true and which may require further work to verify.
Example
A doctor, meeting a set of symptoms not met before, considers diseases that have similar symptoms and wonders if the presented condition is something similar.
Example from Quran
Bakara/85 (A.Yusuf Ali)After this it is ye, the same people, who slay among yourselves, and banish a party of you from their homes; assist (their enemies) against them, in guilt and transgression; and if they come to you as captives, ye ransom them, though it was not lawful for you to banish them. Then is it only a part of the Book that ye believe in, and do ye reject the rest? but what is the reward for those among you who behave like this but disgrace in this life?- and on the Day of Judgment they shall be consigned to the most grievous penalty. For Allah is not unmindful of what ye do.
Analogical reasoning
Description
A is like B. M is in A. N is in B. So M is like N.
In analogical reasoning, an analogy for a given thing or situation is found, where the analogy is like the given thing in some way. Other attributes of the analogical situation are then taken to also represent other attributes of the given thing.
To use an analogy:
Start with a target domain where you want to create new understanding.
Find a general matching domain where some things are similar to the target domain.
Find specific items from the matching domain.
Find related items in the target domain.
Transfer attributes from the matching domain to the target domain.
Example
This company is like a racehorse. It's run fast and won the race, and now it needs feed and rest for a while.
Dating of it like flying. At some point, your feet are going to leave the ground.
Example from Quran
Bakara/223Your wives are as a tilth unto you; so approach your tilth when or how ye will; but do some good act for your souls beforehand; and fear Allah. And know that ye are to meet Him (in the Hereafter), and give (these) good tidings to those who believe.
Cause-and-effect reasoning
Description
When you are presenting an argument, show the cause-and-effect that is in operation. Help the other person see why things have happened or will happen as they do.
Show purpose. Link things to higher values. Show the inevitable linkage between what happens first and what happens next. Go beyond correlation (that may show coincidence) to giving
irrefutable evidence of causality.
If you cannot show causal linkage, then you may be successful just by asserting it, because few people will challenge a cause-and-effect assertion.
Example
Say this
Not this
If I help you, you will be more successful.
I will help you.
When the moon is high, things are abroad.
Things are sometimes abroad.
The new additive to fuel makes your car go so much further.
Add our new fuel additive to your car.
Example from Quran
Al-i Imran/160If Allah helps you, none can overcome you: If He forsakes you, who is there, after that, that can help you? In Allah, then, let believers put their trust.
Comparative reasoning
Description
Comparative reasoning establishes the importance of something by comparing it against something else.
The size of the gap between the things compared indicates importance. Compare against a high standard to make something look undesirable. Compare it against a weak example to make it look good.
To create a logical argument, first establish the validity of the comparison benchmark. For less logic, the benchmark may be assumed.
There are many ways to compare, for example:
Compare what people have got (or not got) against what others have.
Compare the past with the future.
Compare what is actual with what is ideal.
Compare words and actions against values.
Example
Say this
Not this
I guess your wife will want something good-looking. How about this one?
This is the right one for you!
How will we know when we have succeeded? Let's discuss this first...
Success means maximum profits.
Our manifesto says we must help those who cannot help themselves. Now, can this person help himself?
We should not help this man.
Example(s) from Quran
Enam/122Can he who was dead, to whom We gave life, and a Light whereby he can walk amongst men, be like him who is in the depths of darkness, from which he can never come out? Thus to those without faith their own deeds seem pleasing.
Nahl/75Allah sets forth the Parable (of two men: one) a slave under the dominion of another; He has no power of any sort; and (the other) a man on whom We have bestowed goodly favors from Ourselves, and he spends thereof (freely), privately and publicly: are the two equal? (By no means;) praise be to Allah. But most of them know not.
Conditional Reasoning
If...then...
Conditional reasoning is based on an 'if A then B' construct that posits B to be true if A is true.
Note that this leaves open the question of what happens when A is false, which means that in this case, B can logically be either true or false.
A classic form of conditional reasoning is in using syllogisms, where a general major premise is combined with a more specific minor premise to form a conclusion. Syllogisms are easy to get wrong and there are many fallacies.
Example from Quran
Sebe/14
Then, when We decreed (Solomon's) death, nothing showed them his death except a little worm of the earth, which kept (slowly) gnawing away at his staff: so when he fell down, the Jinns saw plainly that if they had known the unseen, they would not have tarried in the humiliating Chastisement (of their Task).
Criteria reasoning
Description
Start by defining the criteria by which the outcome of a decision will be judged, and then identify the best decision, given these constraints.
In a logical argument, you will spend much time establishing the criteria as valid first. In a less logical situation, you may assume the criteria are correct, minimizing the time spent on any discussion about them.
Criteria which appeal to common values are likely to be easily accepted.
Example
Say this
Not this
I guess your wife will want something good-looking. How about this one?
This is the right one for you!
How will we know when we have succeeded? Let's discuss this first...
Success means maximum profits.
Our manifesto says we must help those who cannot help themselves. Now, can this person help himself?
We should not help this man.
Example from Quran
Bakara/258Hast thou not turned thy vision to one who disputed with Abraham about his Lord, because Allah had granted him power? Abraham said: "My Lord is He Who Giveth life and death." He said: "I give life and death". Said Abraham: "But it is Allah that causeth the sun to rise from the east: Do thou then cause it to rise from the west." Thus was he confounded who (in arrogance) rejected faith. Nor doth Allah Give guidance to a people unjust.
Deductive reasoning
Description
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts with a general case and deduces specific instances.
Deduction is used by scientists who take a general scientific law and apply it to a certain case.
Sherlock Holmes used deduction when he took some general indicators and deduced the specific details of a rather knotty case.
Example
Say this
Not this
Gravity makes things fall. The apple that hit my head was due to gravity.
The apple hit my head. Gravity works!
They are all like that -- just look at him!
Look at him. They are all like that.
Toyota make wonderful cars. Let me show you this one.
These cars are all wonderful. They are made by Toyota, it seems.
There is a law against smoking. Stop it now.
Stop smoking, please.
Example from Quran
Al-i Imran/110Ye are the best of peoples, evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right, forbidding what is wrong, and believing in Allah. If only the People of the Book had faith, it were best for them: among them are some who have faith, but most of them are perverted transgressors.
Inductive reasoning
Description
Inductive reasoning, or induction, is reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule.
Derive a general rule in an accepted area and then apply the rule in the area where you want the person to behave.
Give them lots of detail, then explain what it all means.
Talk about the benefits of all the parts and only get to the overall benefits later.
Take what has happened and give a plausible explanation for why it has happened.
Inductive arguments can include:
Part-to-whole: where the whole is assumed to be like individual parts (only bigger).
Extrapolations: where areas beyond the area of study are assumed to be like the studied area.
Predictions: where the future is assumed to be like the past.
Example
Say this
Not this
Look at how those people are behaving. They must be mad.
Those people are all mad.
All of your friends are good. You can be good, too.
Be good.
The base costs is XXX. The extras are XXX, plus tax at XXX. Overall, it is great deal at YYY.
It will cost YYY. This includes XXX for base costs, XXX for extras and XXX for tax.
Heating was XXX, lighting was YYY, parts were ZZZ, which adds up to NNN. Yet revenue was RRR. This means we must cut costs!
We need to cut costs, as our expenditure is greater than our revenue.
Example from Quran
Maide/43
But why do they come to thee for decision, when they have (their own) Torah before them?- therein is the (plain) command of Allah; yet even after that, they would turn away. For they are not (really) People of Faith.
Modal logic
Description
Describe things in terms of possibility and necessity. Also explore how there intertwine.
Do not state things in terms of absolute truth, but say how likely it is.
For necessity, talk about how necessary something is. Thus use words like can, may, should, ought, must, have to.
Talking about how true or necessary something is gives you more potential in arguments as you now have an analogue continuity of alternatives, rather than the black-and-white binary decision of simply whether something is true or false, necessary or unnecessary.
Example
Say this
Not this
The door might be open.
The door is open.
You must do it.
You do it.
They could come here.
They will come here.
Example from Quran
Araf/130
We punished the people of Pharaoh with years (of droughts) and shortness of crops; that they might receive admonition.
Pros-vs-cons reasoning
Description
Pros-vs-cons reasoning seeks to weigh up the arguments for a case (pros) against the arguments against the case (cons).
The argument will usually end up with a conclusion of whether the pros or cons are stronger, thus precipitating a 'reasonable' conclusion. Things that will make a 'pro' stronger (and vice versa) include:
More logical arguments.
More evidence being displayed (including actions and perceptions of other people).
Greater emphasis being put on key words.
More arguments for the case.
Starting with the favored side allows you to fill the other person's mind with the key points, such that the second list becomes less easy to absorb. Starting with the disfavored side allows you to make it sound reasonable, then knock down each of the disfavored arguments with stronger arguments for the contrary case.
You can also choose between giving all of one side and all of another or alternating between each side (the latter is good for comparing related for-and-against arguments).
Example
Say this
Not this
It is useful and cheap, but on the other hand it won't last long and will make you look ungenerous.
It won't last long and will make you look ungenerous.
James likes it, Jan likes it, Bill likes it, Fred likes it. Only Sam and Alice don't like it.
Most people like it.
Look at the list of features on this...But when you try it at home, you may find that...
When you try it at home, you may find that...
Example from Quran
Bakara/219
They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: "In them is great sin, and some profit, for men; but the sin is greater than the profit." They ask thee how much they are to spend; Say: "What is beyond your needs." Thus doth Allah make clear to you His Signs: In order that ye may consider-
Set-based reasoning
Description
Set-based reasoning is founded on Set Theory. Its arguments range around whether things are members of named groups or not, thus 'A dog is an animal but not a vegetable'.
The basic assumption is one of membership, that an item can be categorized into a given group or set. This also assumes that both the item and the set exist in the first place. The following argument then may include consideration of the overlap between sets and the implications of this.
Set reasoning often thus includes statements along the lines of:
A is a B
If A is a B then...
A is not a B, but it is a C
A is both C and D, therefore...
Example
Say this
Not this
He works for Microsoft. Microsoft people are intelligent. Therefore he is intelligent.
He works for Microsoft and is intelligent.
If this is an international standard CD then it will use ISO standard encryption coding.
ISO encryption will be used here.
If he is both Italian and lives in New York, then he is likely to be fond of pizza.
He probably likes pizza.
Example from Quran
Enbiya/98-99
Verily ye, (unbelievers), and the (false) gods that ye worship besides Allah, are (but) fuel for Hell! to it will ye (surely) come!
If these had been gods, they would not have got there! But each one will abide therein.
Decomposition
Description
Break the item in question down into its component parts. Analyze those parts and how they fit together. And then draw conclusions about the whole.
Example
I want to find out how a rubic cube operates. I pull it apart to see its hidden workings. By reassembling it slowly, I am able to explain its apparently magical cohesion as a whole in terms of three-dimensional geometry.
I listen to your argument and take note of each element. I then argue against each element in turn. Having destroyed the parts, I then assume I have destroyed the whole argument.
Example from Quran
Muminun/78
It is He Who has created for you (the faculties of) hearing, sight, feeling and understanding: little thanks it is ye give!
Systemic reasoning
Description
Understand something by considering it as a whole system. Analyze not just the parts but also the relationships between the parts.
You can use decompositional reasoning to identify parts, but go beyond this in considering the additional things beyond just the parts.
Example
I argue for a new square in the middle of town by considering the aesthetics of space and the relationships between the empty square and the tall buildings around it. I also consider the dynamics of movement and pauses of people during parts of the day and weekend.
Example from Quran
Yasin/40
It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon, nor can the Night outstrip the Day: each (just) swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law).
Decomposition & Induction used together
Example from Quran
Araf/179
Many are the Jinns and men we have made for Hell: They have hearts wherewith they understand not, eyes wherewith they see not, and ears wherewith they hear not. They are like cattle,- nay more misguided: for they are heedless (of warning).
RELATIVITY OF TIME ANNOUNCED 1400 YEARS AGO
From: http://www.quranmiracles.com/relativity-of-time-announced-1400-years-ago/
By admin · March 22, 2011 · No commentsAstronomy ·
This post is also available in: Arabic, Bosnian
Throughout history, “time” was assumed to apply equally in every imaginable spot in the universe and in every medium. If we consider this conception, we can see the radical change that the above verses brought. The Quran said that, according to circumstances, the “day” concept might equal even up to fifty thousand years. These verses which must have encountered objections have been elucidated in the twentieth century and shed light on important truths.
To Him ascend the angels and the spirit in a day the measure of which is fifty thousand years. (70:4)
He regulates all affairs from the heaven to the earth. Then they ascend to Him in a day, the measure of which is a thousand years as you count. (32:5)
The theory of relativity is Einstein’s best known discovery. However, many people whose interests are not in any way related to physics are at a loss to understand what this theory signifies. The Quran had already touched on these facts 1400 years ago. Einstein’s theory of relativity has two main divisions, namely the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity.
According to Einstein, time would pass more slowly for somebody driving a vehicle at a speed close to the velocity of light. In a medium in which an inhabitant of the earth passes one hundred days, it may take a person fifty days to displace at a speed nearing the propagation speed of light. This finding is the most interesting fact of the relativity theory. Time slows down in direct proportion with speed. Time is therefore a relative conception, as indicated in the Quran. Hours differ and days are conceived differently according to the medium, place and speed involved.
The general theory of relativity deals with gravitational fields and tries to demonstrate that time is slower in the fields of greater gravitation. A man walking on the surface of the sun will see that his clock runs more slowly, as do the biological and anatomical functions and all the motions in terms of his atoms. Recent experiments have corroborated this fact. One of these experiments was conducted in theBritish National Institute of Physics. John Laverty, researcher, synchronized two clocks indicating the exact time (two clocks of optimumperfection; error of precision in the course of a space of time of 300,000 years would be not more than 1 second). One of these clocks was kept at a laboratory in London; the other was taken aboard an airplane shuttling between London and China. The high altitude at which the aircraft flies is subject to a lower gravitational force. In other words, time was expected to pass at a faster rate aboard a plane in conformity with the general relativity theory. There is not so great a difference in terms of gravity between someone treading upon the earth and someone flying in the air. This difference could only be established by a precision instrument. It was established that the clock aboard the aircraft had a greater speed, one per fifty five billion seconds. This experiment is one of the proofs of the relativity of time. According to the prevailing prejudice, there should not be any difference between the two clocks. This supports the dispelling of prejudices as foreseen in the Quran. Had it been possible to make this experiment on a planet with greater gravitational force, there would be no need for precision instruments to measure the difference, since normal watches could do the job.
THE USE OF THE WORD “DAY” IN THE QURAN
Verse 5 of the sura The Prostration and Verse 4 of the sura The Heights not only point to the relativity of time, but give also a clear meaning of the Arabic word “yawm” that denotes not only the space of time of one day – which comprises 24 hours – but also a certain period of time. This makes it easier to understand the six “yawm”s mentioned in the Quran (See: 7-The Purgatory, 54; 11-Hud, 7; 10- Jonah, 3; 25-The Distinguisher, 59; 32-The Prostration, 4; 57-Iron, 4.) Before the creation of the universe and the world there was no notion of “day,” a period of 24 hours. Therefore, the six “yawm”s must be understood as six “periods.”
This gives a clue to the Jews and Christians for the interpretation of the Biblical account according to which the world was created in six days. Findings in the domain of space physics show that the universe and our world passed through many stages, from a gaseous state to galaxies, to the formation of the atmosphere surrounding the Earth, and of waters and metals. The fact that the Quran refers to the stages that the process of creation went through is also better understood by modern cosmology.
If we remember the stories of creation of ancient Egypt, China and India, we encounter wild fancies such as a universe standing on a tortoise or as an eternally existing entity. None of the past civilizations had made any reference to the stages of this evolution. This message of the Quran contributes to a correct interpretation of Biblical exegeses of the concept of day. The message in the Bible that reads: “And on the seventh day God finished His work that He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done.” (Genesis 2, 2) was thus corrected, as fatigue was certainly out of the question for God.
We created the heavens and the earth, and all that lies between them in six days, and no fatigue touched us. (50:38)
CONTRIBUTION OF THE RELATIVITY THEORY
Einstein postulated that the concept of time was relative. For Kant time was an innate function of reason. He contended that the perception of time was an a priori category. Einstein’s physics was henceforth the science that integrated time and space, so that, instead of space we had now space-time.
There is something that must not escape attention, however: the perception of time is achieved by the intellect. Since according to our estimation, just as the special relativity theory establishes that velocity makes time relative and the general relativity theory postulates that gravity makes time relative, one should elaborate on “the intellect’s relativity” which posits that the intellect’s perception manner would render the relative perception of time. Like a key that fits the lock, our intellect also has the capacity of perceiving time and the universe. That is (1) time exists in the universe, (2) and the intellect is created with a priori abilities to perceive time and the universe. The two processes are coexistent, just like the coexistence of the world seen by us and the eyes.
It seems to us only fair to add the intellect’s perception factor to Einstein’s concepts relating velocity and gravity and time. Comprehension of time’s relativity will contribute to a better understanding of the Quran. For instance, it is said in the Quran that the dead will think when resurrected that their span on the earth had been very brief. Once time’s relativity has been conceived, the puzzlingquestion of the time to elapse from one’s death till the Day of Judgment will be clear. Such questions for the inquisitive mind that sees the time upon the earth as the only valid time regardless of the attending circumstances will find their answer, once time’s relativity is understood. Given the fact that a deceased person is outside the confines of the temporal dimensions of the earth, the time to elapse after his death, regardless of its actual duration, would be of no consequence.
On the day when He gathers them, it will appear to them as if they had tarried an hour of a day… (10:45)
He said: “How many years did you stay on earth?” (23:112)They said: “We stayed a day or part of a day, ask those who account.” (23:113)
ANYONE AMONG US TIRED OF WAITING FOR EONS?
The reason why the fifteen billion years that elapsed from the moment the universe was created until the creation of man was made clear by time’s relativity. In a different context, fifteen billion years may be conceived as one minute or even less. The length of its duration depends on our perception and standpoint.
Scientists, based on the most recent and accurate calculations, assert that approximately fifteen billion years have elapsed since the creation of the universe until this very moment. Is there anyone who feels tired of waiting for eons? The evident answer being in the negative, the time the departed will have to wait as from their decease until resurrection will not cause anxiety in them. Comprehension of time’s relativity renders possible the solution of many problems believed to be beyond the grasp of the intellect.
PROOF FROM NECESSARY VERSUS POSSIBLE BEING
A host of celebrated philosophers like Avicenna, Farabi, Taftazani and Jurjani had recourse to this argument in proving God’s existence. They asserted that all the possible creatures upon the earth could not exist by themselves as they owed their existence to a Creator. “The created” requires a Creator while God, “the Self-Existent” (whose existence is a necessity) does not need a creator. The created is a product of causality; their existence or non-existence are within the confines of possibility. To think of the non-existence of the existent poses no contradiction. However, this does not hold true for the Self-Existing, God; otherwise the contradiction would be evident. Philosophers like Leibniz argued in like manner the principle of “Sufficient Reason.” According to him, the universe is made of possible beings. The universe itself is a possibility. If we try to trace back the chain of causality (which is impossible) until the infinite this would not explain the universe. Yes, the universe is a possibility but requires a Sufficient Reason outside its confines. To allege that the reasons may be traced back to the infinite would mean that we were created after eternity. But since eternity is endless there would be no question of any lapse of time after eternity; if there has been a chain of causality, it would necessarily follow that it had had an end. If there had been a chain of causality that came to an end, it would prove the existence of a “first cause.” There may be persons who would find the existence of a first cause difficult to grasp. On the other hand, an eternal chain of causes would be a self-contradiction.
Absurd and incomprehensible are not the same thing. For instance, the structure of a space-shuttle may be incomprehensible for us, but we cannot deny its existence. The number 5 cannot be higher than the number 10; that is absurd. As the contrary is absurd (that the eternal chain of causes has led to this point), the existence of a first cause is a necessity (although there are those who contend that this argument is “beyond comprehension”).
What I propose to do is to reformulate the approaches of a series of thinkers from Avicenna to Leibniz in the light of scientific data obtained in the twentieth century in a richer and more scientific context. Findings related to the relativity theory may be used for this end. That the perfect use of time existing only in relative terms in the universe, in the formation of the universal targets, can only be grasped by the existence of an Absolute and Indispensable Regulator, that the existence of time can only be explained in a satisfactory way by the Cause behind the creation of time, that the harmony existing between time and intellect can be imagined to exist by the presence of a Regulator outside the confines of time and intellect and that even time is a possibility depending on a Creator should be integrated for use with the explanation of the “proof from necessary versus possible beings.”
And He shows you His signs: Then which of the signs of God will you deny? (40:81)
Related Posts
By admin · March 22, 2011 · No commentsAstronomy ·
This post is also available in: Arabic, Bosnian
Throughout history, “time” was assumed to apply equally in every imaginable spot in the universe and in every medium. If we consider this conception, we can see the radical change that the above verses brought. The Quran said that, according to circumstances, the “day” concept might equal even up to fifty thousand years. These verses which must have encountered objections have been elucidated in the twentieth century and shed light on important truths.
To Him ascend the angels and the spirit in a day the measure of which is fifty thousand years. (70:4)
He regulates all affairs from the heaven to the earth. Then they ascend to Him in a day, the measure of which is a thousand years as you count. (32:5)
The theory of relativity is Einstein’s best known discovery. However, many people whose interests are not in any way related to physics are at a loss to understand what this theory signifies. The Quran had already touched on these facts 1400 years ago. Einstein’s theory of relativity has two main divisions, namely the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity.
According to Einstein, time would pass more slowly for somebody driving a vehicle at a speed close to the velocity of light. In a medium in which an inhabitant of the earth passes one hundred days, it may take a person fifty days to displace at a speed nearing the propagation speed of light. This finding is the most interesting fact of the relativity theory. Time slows down in direct proportion with speed. Time is therefore a relative conception, as indicated in the Quran. Hours differ and days are conceived differently according to the medium, place and speed involved.
The general theory of relativity deals with gravitational fields and tries to demonstrate that time is slower in the fields of greater gravitation. A man walking on the surface of the sun will see that his clock runs more slowly, as do the biological and anatomical functions and all the motions in terms of his atoms. Recent experiments have corroborated this fact. One of these experiments was conducted in theBritish National Institute of Physics. John Laverty, researcher, synchronized two clocks indicating the exact time (two clocks of optimumperfection; error of precision in the course of a space of time of 300,000 years would be not more than 1 second). One of these clocks was kept at a laboratory in London; the other was taken aboard an airplane shuttling between London and China. The high altitude at which the aircraft flies is subject to a lower gravitational force. In other words, time was expected to pass at a faster rate aboard a plane in conformity with the general relativity theory. There is not so great a difference in terms of gravity between someone treading upon the earth and someone flying in the air. This difference could only be established by a precision instrument. It was established that the clock aboard the aircraft had a greater speed, one per fifty five billion seconds. This experiment is one of the proofs of the relativity of time. According to the prevailing prejudice, there should not be any difference between the two clocks. This supports the dispelling of prejudices as foreseen in the Quran. Had it been possible to make this experiment on a planet with greater gravitational force, there would be no need for precision instruments to measure the difference, since normal watches could do the job.
THE USE OF THE WORD “DAY” IN THE QURAN
Verse 5 of the sura The Prostration and Verse 4 of the sura The Heights not only point to the relativity of time, but give also a clear meaning of the Arabic word “yawm” that denotes not only the space of time of one day – which comprises 24 hours – but also a certain period of time. This makes it easier to understand the six “yawm”s mentioned in the Quran (See: 7-The Purgatory, 54; 11-Hud, 7; 10- Jonah, 3; 25-The Distinguisher, 59; 32-The Prostration, 4; 57-Iron, 4.) Before the creation of the universe and the world there was no notion of “day,” a period of 24 hours. Therefore, the six “yawm”s must be understood as six “periods.”
This gives a clue to the Jews and Christians for the interpretation of the Biblical account according to which the world was created in six days. Findings in the domain of space physics show that the universe and our world passed through many stages, from a gaseous state to galaxies, to the formation of the atmosphere surrounding the Earth, and of waters and metals. The fact that the Quran refers to the stages that the process of creation went through is also better understood by modern cosmology.
If we remember the stories of creation of ancient Egypt, China and India, we encounter wild fancies such as a universe standing on a tortoise or as an eternally existing entity. None of the past civilizations had made any reference to the stages of this evolution. This message of the Quran contributes to a correct interpretation of Biblical exegeses of the concept of day. The message in the Bible that reads: “And on the seventh day God finished His work that He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done.” (Genesis 2, 2) was thus corrected, as fatigue was certainly out of the question for God.
We created the heavens and the earth, and all that lies between them in six days, and no fatigue touched us. (50:38)
CONTRIBUTION OF THE RELATIVITY THEORY
Einstein postulated that the concept of time was relative. For Kant time was an innate function of reason. He contended that the perception of time was an a priori category. Einstein’s physics was henceforth the science that integrated time and space, so that, instead of space we had now space-time.
There is something that must not escape attention, however: the perception of time is achieved by the intellect. Since according to our estimation, just as the special relativity theory establishes that velocity makes time relative and the general relativity theory postulates that gravity makes time relative, one should elaborate on “the intellect’s relativity” which posits that the intellect’s perception manner would render the relative perception of time. Like a key that fits the lock, our intellect also has the capacity of perceiving time and the universe. That is (1) time exists in the universe, (2) and the intellect is created with a priori abilities to perceive time and the universe. The two processes are coexistent, just like the coexistence of the world seen by us and the eyes.
It seems to us only fair to add the intellect’s perception factor to Einstein’s concepts relating velocity and gravity and time. Comprehension of time’s relativity will contribute to a better understanding of the Quran. For instance, it is said in the Quran that the dead will think when resurrected that their span on the earth had been very brief. Once time’s relativity has been conceived, the puzzlingquestion of the time to elapse from one’s death till the Day of Judgment will be clear. Such questions for the inquisitive mind that sees the time upon the earth as the only valid time regardless of the attending circumstances will find their answer, once time’s relativity is understood. Given the fact that a deceased person is outside the confines of the temporal dimensions of the earth, the time to elapse after his death, regardless of its actual duration, would be of no consequence.
On the day when He gathers them, it will appear to them as if they had tarried an hour of a day… (10:45)
He said: “How many years did you stay on earth?” (23:112)They said: “We stayed a day or part of a day, ask those who account.” (23:113)
ANYONE AMONG US TIRED OF WAITING FOR EONS?
The reason why the fifteen billion years that elapsed from the moment the universe was created until the creation of man was made clear by time’s relativity. In a different context, fifteen billion years may be conceived as one minute or even less. The length of its duration depends on our perception and standpoint.
Scientists, based on the most recent and accurate calculations, assert that approximately fifteen billion years have elapsed since the creation of the universe until this very moment. Is there anyone who feels tired of waiting for eons? The evident answer being in the negative, the time the departed will have to wait as from their decease until resurrection will not cause anxiety in them. Comprehension of time’s relativity renders possible the solution of many problems believed to be beyond the grasp of the intellect.
PROOF FROM NECESSARY VERSUS POSSIBLE BEING
A host of celebrated philosophers like Avicenna, Farabi, Taftazani and Jurjani had recourse to this argument in proving God’s existence. They asserted that all the possible creatures upon the earth could not exist by themselves as they owed their existence to a Creator. “The created” requires a Creator while God, “the Self-Existent” (whose existence is a necessity) does not need a creator. The created is a product of causality; their existence or non-existence are within the confines of possibility. To think of the non-existence of the existent poses no contradiction. However, this does not hold true for the Self-Existing, God; otherwise the contradiction would be evident. Philosophers like Leibniz argued in like manner the principle of “Sufficient Reason.” According to him, the universe is made of possible beings. The universe itself is a possibility. If we try to trace back the chain of causality (which is impossible) until the infinite this would not explain the universe. Yes, the universe is a possibility but requires a Sufficient Reason outside its confines. To allege that the reasons may be traced back to the infinite would mean that we were created after eternity. But since eternity is endless there would be no question of any lapse of time after eternity; if there has been a chain of causality, it would necessarily follow that it had had an end. If there had been a chain of causality that came to an end, it would prove the existence of a “first cause.” There may be persons who would find the existence of a first cause difficult to grasp. On the other hand, an eternal chain of causes would be a self-contradiction.
Absurd and incomprehensible are not the same thing. For instance, the structure of a space-shuttle may be incomprehensible for us, but we cannot deny its existence. The number 5 cannot be higher than the number 10; that is absurd. As the contrary is absurd (that the eternal chain of causes has led to this point), the existence of a first cause is a necessity (although there are those who contend that this argument is “beyond comprehension”).
What I propose to do is to reformulate the approaches of a series of thinkers from Avicenna to Leibniz in the light of scientific data obtained in the twentieth century in a richer and more scientific context. Findings related to the relativity theory may be used for this end. That the perfect use of time existing only in relative terms in the universe, in the formation of the universal targets, can only be grasped by the existence of an Absolute and Indispensable Regulator, that the existence of time can only be explained in a satisfactory way by the Cause behind the creation of time, that the harmony existing between time and intellect can be imagined to exist by the presence of a Regulator outside the confines of time and intellect and that even time is a possibility depending on a Creator should be integrated for use with the explanation of the “proof from necessary versus possible beings.”
And He shows you His signs: Then which of the signs of God will you deny? (40:81)
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Qur'an Made Easy يسرنا القرآن
From: http://www.noorart.com/quran_made_easy
By Shabbir A.Behlim
Description
This is the best basic book to learn Qur’anic Arabic. There has been a tremendous demand for a comprehensive Qur'an Made Easy for the Muslim children born in the west. Recite Hafiz Shabbir Ahamd Bhelim has compiled this version basing it on his life long experience of teaching the young children to read and memorize the Holy Quran. All the instructions have been translated in English for the benefit of English speaking learners and teachers including the parents who are not familiar with Urdu or Arabic as a teaching medium, where the text is the original Arabic of the Qur'an and comments are in English and Urdu. This popular Qur'an Made Easy is complete in all respects. All the phonetic rule and regulations of Qur’anic Arabic have been given including the Qur’anic signs for pausing, stopping or continuing. After studying the Qur'an Made Easy, a child need not go through lesson by lesson instructions to read the Holy Quran. A young should easily be able to read the Holy Quran and complete it in he shortest time. This is one of the most popular books for Islamic schools and centers, with God's blessings; many have learned to read the Quran through being taught the method of this book.
By Shabbir A.Behlim
Description
This is the best basic book to learn Qur’anic Arabic. There has been a tremendous demand for a comprehensive Qur'an Made Easy for the Muslim children born in the west. Recite Hafiz Shabbir Ahamd Bhelim has compiled this version basing it on his life long experience of teaching the young children to read and memorize the Holy Quran. All the instructions have been translated in English for the benefit of English speaking learners and teachers including the parents who are not familiar with Urdu or Arabic as a teaching medium, where the text is the original Arabic of the Qur'an and comments are in English and Urdu. This popular Qur'an Made Easy is complete in all respects. All the phonetic rule and regulations of Qur’anic Arabic have been given including the Qur’anic signs for pausing, stopping or continuing. After studying the Qur'an Made Easy, a child need not go through lesson by lesson instructions to read the Holy Quran. A young should easily be able to read the Holy Quran and complete it in he shortest time. This is one of the most popular books for Islamic schools and centers, with God's blessings; many have learned to read the Quran through being taught the method of this book.
Quran Made Easy
From: http://www.quranmadeeasy.com/salatee/faq.php#benefitquran
Frequently Asked Question
Benefits of reading, studying, learning the Quran
Understanding the literal meaning
Quranmadeeasy.com
Benefits of the Quran
What are the benefits of reading the Quran?
( Getting Compiled )
Understanding the literal meaning
What is the single most advantage a non Arabic speaking muslim have while attempting to learn the Quranic Grammar ?
The single most advantage is that, usually a large number of Muslims already know how to read/ recite the Quran. The words are familiar, so, they are already one step ahead in learning a new language. Another advantage is, Arabic language and scripts are very systematic and visual, that aids the new learner. -->
What is the role of a "translating language" in learning the language of the Quran?
The role of the "translating language" is very temporary. At the initial stage, while learning a new language we need the help of a known language to act as a medium. But, once we grasp the new language, we do not need the help of the "translating language".
As for example, those who speak and understand a foreign language fluently, do not need the help of the mother language to interpret or to understand the second language.
Here, we will use English as the "translating language" to create a bridge to the language of the Quran. Very soon, inshallah, one will find travelling around the language and grammar of the
Holy Quran is not that tough.
Did you ever hear that it is impossible to translate the Quran? How valid is the statement?
The statement is correct.
"The Qur'an al-karim cannot be translated into any language, even into Arabic. It is impossible to translate any poem into its own language precisely. It can only be explained, interpreted. We should not read the Qur'an's translation in order to understand it. To understand the meaning of an ayat means to understand what Allahu ta'ala means through this ayat. A person who reads a translation of this ayat cannot learn murad-i ilahi (the divine purpose). He learns what the translator has understood according to his level of knowledge."The above quote taken from the translation of TAM ILMIHAL Se'adet-i EBEDIYYE: Chapter 25. Source: http://www.hizmetbooks.org/Endless_Bliss_First_Fascicle/b1-25.html
Therefore, in this website we are just creating a bridge to land in the world of the Quran.
Quranmadeeasy.com
What is Quranmadeeasy.com?
By the grace of Allah, this website architects the solution of presenting the Quranic study material to meet the learning objectives (listed below) of online users. This website utilized leading resources of the Quranic studies.
Following functionalities are planned for the users, if Allah willing,
To provide necesary information so that users are capable of doing their own translation.
To provide the functionality so that users are able to compare their own translation with the work of the great translators.
To provide a central location where the users can access their grammar reserve.
What are the learning objectives?
To know how the Arabic words are formed.
To identify the meaning of the individual word.
To identify the meaning of the group of words (phrase).
To attempt to understand the literal meaning of the verse.
What resources have been used here?
Please see acknowledgement section for the list of resources.
What is Quranmadeeasy.com not?
This website is NOT a place for the comprehensive study of the Quranic Grammar.
What is the pre-requisite to enter this website?
The user must have a valid User ID. The user should know at least how to read Arabic. Please use "Pre-requisite" link if you have not met the pre-requisite.
Why this website is named "Quranmadeeasy.com" ?
The name of the website reinstate the verse, [54.17], "And We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember: then is there any that will receive admonition?".
This website wants to disseminate the above message. May Allah help us to attain the goal.
Study Methodologies
What are diffent phases at Quranmadeeasy.com?
The first phase is known as "Salatee". If you do not know the meaning of Salatee, you may know it through this website.
Salatee (phase-1): At this phase, users will work with the frequently used suras and duas that are used in the 5 time prayers. Through 10-12 suras, users are expected to understand the bulk of the entire grammar.
Phase 2: Suras of last juz will be used here. Very minimal grammar as new material. Users will be expected to reinforce their skill that they learnt at Phase-1.
Phase 3: Sura Rahman
Phase 4: Rest of Suras
The website explains a single sura at a time. What does that mean?
This website takes a sura and explains all the grammatical expressions that were found in that sura. After it moves to the next sura - anything that is new is explained. Thus, it will try to give a complete understanding for one sura at a time and also build a grammar reserve for the user. As a result, the user will be incrementally exposed to the Quranic Grammar.The website explains grammar using the model, "Supply and Demand". What does that mean?
As explained earlier -->
What is the study methodology?
"Learn By Example" - is the study methodology. As worked-out math problem teaches math elements, here, users are expected to learn the new grammatical terms from the suras.
Again, at the section, "Applying into Verses", members will have the chance to test their understanding.
Why memorization is discouraged?
This online tutorial does not encourage to memorize the grammatical terms/ word meaning right away. All the facts and lessons tips are provided on the left panel.
The users are encouraged to reinforce their understanding at the initial stage.
One the other hand, it is found when material is understood well, memorization becomes an easy task.
What does it mean by "Tutored by Great Translators"?
The users will have the chance to compare their worksheet/ draft with the translation of Pickthal, Mohsin Khan, etc.
This wll enable the users to gauge their progress, correct mistakes and learn the Quran from a reliable source.
Frequently Asked Question
Benefits of reading, studying, learning the Quran
Understanding the literal meaning
Quranmadeeasy.com
Benefits of the Quran
What are the benefits of reading the Quran?
( Getting Compiled )
Understanding the literal meaning
What is the single most advantage a non Arabic speaking muslim have while attempting to learn the Quranic Grammar ?
The single most advantage is that, usually a large number of Muslims already know how to read/ recite the Quran. The words are familiar, so, they are already one step ahead in learning a new language. Another advantage is, Arabic language and scripts are very systematic and visual, that aids the new learner. -->
What is the role of a "translating language" in learning the language of the Quran?
The role of the "translating language" is very temporary. At the initial stage, while learning a new language we need the help of a known language to act as a medium. But, once we grasp the new language, we do not need the help of the "translating language".
As for example, those who speak and understand a foreign language fluently, do not need the help of the mother language to interpret or to understand the second language.
Here, we will use English as the "translating language" to create a bridge to the language of the Quran. Very soon, inshallah, one will find travelling around the language and grammar of the
Holy Quran is not that tough.
Did you ever hear that it is impossible to translate the Quran? How valid is the statement?
The statement is correct.
"The Qur'an al-karim cannot be translated into any language, even into Arabic. It is impossible to translate any poem into its own language precisely. It can only be explained, interpreted. We should not read the Qur'an's translation in order to understand it. To understand the meaning of an ayat means to understand what Allahu ta'ala means through this ayat. A person who reads a translation of this ayat cannot learn murad-i ilahi (the divine purpose). He learns what the translator has understood according to his level of knowledge."The above quote taken from the translation of TAM ILMIHAL Se'adet-i EBEDIYYE: Chapter 25. Source: http://www.hizmetbooks.org/Endless_Bliss_First_Fascicle/b1-25.html
Therefore, in this website we are just creating a bridge to land in the world of the Quran.
Quranmadeeasy.com
What is Quranmadeeasy.com?
By the grace of Allah, this website architects the solution of presenting the Quranic study material to meet the learning objectives (listed below) of online users. This website utilized leading resources of the Quranic studies.
Following functionalities are planned for the users, if Allah willing,
To provide necesary information so that users are capable of doing their own translation.
To provide the functionality so that users are able to compare their own translation with the work of the great translators.
To provide a central location where the users can access their grammar reserve.
What are the learning objectives?
To know how the Arabic words are formed.
To identify the meaning of the individual word.
To identify the meaning of the group of words (phrase).
To attempt to understand the literal meaning of the verse.
What resources have been used here?
Please see acknowledgement section for the list of resources.
What is Quranmadeeasy.com not?
This website is NOT a place for the comprehensive study of the Quranic Grammar.
What is the pre-requisite to enter this website?
The user must have a valid User ID. The user should know at least how to read Arabic. Please use "Pre-requisite" link if you have not met the pre-requisite.
Why this website is named "Quranmadeeasy.com" ?
The name of the website reinstate the verse, [54.17], "And We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember: then is there any that will receive admonition?".
This website wants to disseminate the above message. May Allah help us to attain the goal.
Study Methodologies
What are diffent phases at Quranmadeeasy.com?
The first phase is known as "Salatee". If you do not know the meaning of Salatee, you may know it through this website.
Salatee (phase-1): At this phase, users will work with the frequently used suras and duas that are used in the 5 time prayers. Through 10-12 suras, users are expected to understand the bulk of the entire grammar.
Phase 2: Suras of last juz will be used here. Very minimal grammar as new material. Users will be expected to reinforce their skill that they learnt at Phase-1.
Phase 3: Sura Rahman
Phase 4: Rest of Suras
The website explains a single sura at a time. What does that mean?
This website takes a sura and explains all the grammatical expressions that were found in that sura. After it moves to the next sura - anything that is new is explained. Thus, it will try to give a complete understanding for one sura at a time and also build a grammar reserve for the user. As a result, the user will be incrementally exposed to the Quranic Grammar.The website explains grammar using the model, "Supply and Demand". What does that mean?
As explained earlier -->
What is the study methodology?
"Learn By Example" - is the study methodology. As worked-out math problem teaches math elements, here, users are expected to learn the new grammatical terms from the suras.
Again, at the section, "Applying into Verses", members will have the chance to test their understanding.
Why memorization is discouraged?
This online tutorial does not encourage to memorize the grammatical terms/ word meaning right away. All the facts and lessons tips are provided on the left panel.
The users are encouraged to reinforce their understanding at the initial stage.
One the other hand, it is found when material is understood well, memorization becomes an easy task.
What does it mean by "Tutored by Great Translators"?
The users will have the chance to compare their worksheet/ draft with the translation of Pickthal, Mohsin Khan, etc.
This wll enable the users to gauge their progress, correct mistakes and learn the Quran from a reliable source.
Surah 10 - Yunus - Jonah
From: http://www.quranexplained.co.uk/main-menu.htm
[Author's note] This is the 10th Surah of the Qur'an. It has 109 verses. Prophet Jonah was sent to Nineveh, the capital of Ancient Assyria around 700 BC. Nineveh was located by the East Bank of the Tigris River, and had a population of just over 100,000. Granting a period of Respite to nations, in which they can mend their ways, is one of the eternal Divine Laws.
With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Instant and Sustaining Source of all Mercy and Kindness.
10:1 A.L.R. Alif. Laam. RA. Allah Aleem the Knower, Raheem the Merciful, announces that these are the Verses of a Book that is full of Wisdom.
10:2 Is it too much of a wonder for people that We reveal Our Message to a man among them? "You shall warn mankind, and give good news to those who attain belief that they have a sure footing with their Lord." Those who are bent upon denying the Truth, say, "This man is an obvious wizard." (He is gifted with spellbinding eloquence).
10:3 But, your Lord (Who sent this Book) is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six stages, and is established on the Throne of His Almightiness in Supreme Control. He, the Director of all directions, Issuer of all decrees, runs the Universe according to His Laws. No intercessor can stand in His Court but as a witness of Law (2:255), (16:111)). Such is Allah, your Sustainer. You shall serve Him. Won't you use your intellect and reasoning?
10:4 To Him is your ultimate return, all of you. Allah's Promise is the unwavering Truth. He creates the first creation, and He will create it again so that every action may have its Just Recompense. Those who attained belief and worked to augment the society will have their just reward. And those who rejected the Truth, for them will be a burning draught of despair and a painful doom because of their persistent refusal to acknowledge the Truth. (A consequence of their own doings (33:24), (34:3-4), (45:22), (53:31)).
10:5 He it is, Who appointed the sun as a splendid glow, and the moon as a cool light. He appointed stages for the moon, in due measure. You make your calculations and calendars accordingly (6:97), (17:12). Allah has created the Universe as the Absolute Reality and for a Purpose. (It is neither a dream, nor a reflection of the world of ideas). Allah details His Verses for those who wish to learn.
10:6 In the difference of day and night, and all that Allah has created in the heavens and the earth, there are signs for those who wish to walk aright.
10:7 Those who expect not to meet Us, and content themselves with the petty delights of the worldly life, do not look beyond it, and neglect Our Messages,
10:8 Their home will be the Fire that they have earned (ignited) with their own actions.
I0:9 Those who attain to faith, and help people, their Lord guides them by their conviction (that no action goes waste). He shows and walks them the way to the Gardens of delight, beneath which rivers flow.
10:10 Their prayer therein will be, "Glory be to You, O Allah!" Their greeting to one another will be, "Peace!" The conclusion of their prayer will be, "Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds!" (And so shall be the peaceful Ideal Society on earth. They will realize that the good of one is the good of another and see how Praiseworthy the Giver of such Blissful Guidance is).
10:11 If Allah hastened requital for people as they hasten for immediate delights, their respite would have already expired. (It is Allah's Mercy that His Law of Requital does not grasp them instantly. He gives them time to mend their ways). Those who do not entertain the hope of meeting with Us, We leave them wandering in their rebellion.
10:12 When affliction befalls man, he cries unto Us, whether he be lying, or sitting or standing. But when We have relieved him of the affliction, he goes his way as if he had never cried unto Us for what afflicted him. Those who trespass the Divine Laws, lose discernment and even their ill deeds then seem fair to them.
10:13 We annihilated many nations before you for their violation of human rights. Their Messengers had come to them with clear evidence of the Truth, but they refused to believe them. Thus do We reward those who steal the fruit of others' labor.
10:14 Now, We have made you their successors in the land, to behold how you behave.
10:15 When Our Messages are conveyed to them in all clarity, those who hope not that they are destined to meet with Us, (want to strike a deal with the Messenger). They say, "Bring us a Qur'an other than this or make some changes in it." Say (O Prophet), "It is not conceivable that I would alter it myself. I only follow what is revealed to me. I cannot disobey my Lord, for I fear the retribution of a Mighty Day."
10:16 Say, "If Allah wanted otherwise, I would have not recited and conveyed this to you, nor would have made you aware of it. Indeed, a whole lifetime have I dwelt among you before this. (You have always called me Al-Amin, the trustworthy). Will you not, then, use your reason?"
10:17 Who does a greater wrong than the one who himself forges a lie, then ascribes it to Allah, or falsifies His Revelations, or denies them? Those who steal the fruit of others' labor under any pretense, certainly do not prosper.
10:18 They worship and obey besides Allah, deities that can neither harm nor benefit them. They say, "These are our intercessors with Allah." Say, "Are you informing Allah of what He knows not in the heavens and the earth? Glory to Him! (39:3). He is High, Exalted above all that they associate with Him."
10:19 All mankind were but one community (and are meant to be so); then they differed (2:213). Had not your Lord decreed the Law of free will for humans, He would have judged their disputes immediately (2:30), (2:256), (11:118), (16:9), (76:2-3).
10:20 And they say, "Why was not a miracle sent down upon him from his Lord?" Then answer (O Prophet), "The Unseen is known to Allah alone. Wait for the results of my Program. Indeed, I shall be waiting with you." (That will be the best sign for all of us to behold).
10:21 When We cause people to taste of Mercy after they have suffered a hardship, they start scheming to defy Our Commands. Say, "Allah is more Swift in planning. Our couriers write down what you plot."
10:22 He it is Who enables you to travel in the land and the sea. When you board the ships, the ships sail with the voyagers with a favorable breeze. And they rejoice therein. If a stormy wind comes and the waves surround them, they think they are overwhelmed. Then they implore God, in all sincerity turning to His Universal Laws, saying, "If You only save us this time, we will truly show our gratitude."
10:23 Yet as soon as He has saved them, they return to land in their behavior of rebellion against the Divine Laws. O Mankind! Remember that your rebellion is only against your own "Self" (91:9-10). Enjoyment of the worldly life with disregard of Eternity, is but a fleeting delight. Then unto Us is your return, and We shall make you understand what you truly accomplished.
10:24 Those who do not invest in the life to come must consider a similitude: The life of the world is a passing delight: We send down water from the height to produce with it all kinds of plants from the earth, provision for humans and animals. Then, just as the earth has taken its ornament and is perfectly adorned, and its people think that they are in control, Our Command arrives by night or by day, leaving it completely barren, as if nothing existed there yesterday. The only way to inherit the fruit of your labor in the Hereafter is to live by Our Laws. We expound Our Revelations and Signs in Nature for those who use their intellect.
10:25 Allah calls to the Lasting Abode of Peace, and leads men and women to the Straight Path. This Guidance can only be achieved according to His Laws (4:88).
10:26 Those who benefit humanity get rewarded manifold. No dust of sadness and no trace of humiliation will overshadow their faces. Such are the rightful dwellers of the Garden; they will abide therein.
10:27 And those who are unjust to others in their daily lives, will fail to balance their own personalities. They will spend their lives in sadness and humiliation, a linear result of their own actions. There will be no one to protect them from Allah's Law. They will wander as if the darkness of night had covered their faces. They are the ones who have built their Hell and they will inherit it in the Eternity.
10:28 One Day We will gather all of them together. We will say to those who acknowledged false deities, "Stay back, you and your pretended partners of Allah!" We will have the leaders and their followers confront each other. Their leaders will say, "It was not us you worshiped."
10:29 And such false deities (as Prophets, angels, saints, and the Universal forces) will say, "Allah suffices as a Witness between us and you, that we were not even aware of your worship." (They worshiped the intrinsic and extrinsic projections of their own desires and fantasies).
10:30 Therein every person will experience exactly what he or she did before. Then they are returned to Allah, their MAULA, the True Lord Supreme, and all their false imagery leaves them in the lurch. (There is no MAULANA but Allah).
10:31 (Now is the time for them to think.) Say (O Messenger), "Who is it that provides for you from the heaven and the earth, or who is it that has full power over your hearing and sight? And who is it that brings forth the living from the dead, and the dead from the living? And who is it that directs the Order of the Universe?" They will say, "Allah." Say, "Will you not then be mindful of His Laws?"
10:32 Such is Allah, your Rightful Lord. After the Truth what is there but error? How could you then turn away?
10:33 The Word of your Lord is justified that those who drift away from Reason will not accept the Truth.
10:34 Ask them, "Can any of your 'partner gods' originate Creation and carry them through evolution?" Say, "Allah originates Creation and carries them through evolution. How are you then so misled?"
10:35 Say, "Of your 'partners' is there any that can lead you to the Truth?" Say, "Allah leads to the Truth. So, who is more worthy of being followed? The One Who shows you the Way or he who finds no way unless he is guided? What is amiss with you? How do you judge?"
10:36 The majority of the people follow nothing but conjecture. Surely, conjecture can never at all be a substitute for the Truth. Allah is Knower of how they act (and forge).
10:37 Now this Qur'an could not possibly have been devised by anyone except Allah. Nay indeed, it is a confirmation of the Divine Origin of the earlier Revelations, and a clear exposition of the Eternal Law. Without any trace of doubt, this Book is from the Lord of the Worlds. (While it confirms the surviving Truth in the previous Revelations, it is a Watcher over them and ignores and, where necessary, corrects the human touch in them (5:48)).
10:38 Or, do they say, "He has invented it?" Tell them, "Bring one Surah like this and call for help everyone you can besides Allah, if you are truthful." (2:23), (11:13). (One chapter like this in beauty, eloquence and wisdom. And "besides Allah" would mean, without copying phrases and sentences from the Qur'an).
10:39 Nay, they deny it without grasping the profound knowledge therein. And they have yet to see the benevolent transformation it can bring about in the making of humanity. Generations before them rejected Divine Revelation. Then see what was the consequence for those who thus wronged themselves!
10:40 And of them is he who believes in this (Qur'an), and of them is he who does not believe in it. And your Lord is best Aware of those who are bent upon denial and want corruption and disorder to go on.
10:41 If they keep denying you (O Prophet), say, "I have my work, and you have your work. You are innocent of what I do and I am innocent of what you do." (109:1-6).
10:42 Among them are those who apparently listen to you. (But their thoughts are wandering). Can you make those deaf to hear who do not use reason? (47:16).
10:43 And among them you will find those who look at you without seeing. (Their mind is roaming elsewhere). Can you show the way to those who are blind of the heart? (7:198).
10:44 Allah is never unjust to human beings; but people wrong themselves. (Failing to use the God-given faculties is the first wrong one can commit. It brings the humans down to subhuman levels (7:179)).
10:45 On the Day when He will gather them, they will think as if they lived in this world for one hour of the day. Others will think it was a day or a few days (20:103-104). They will recognize one another as they did yesterday. Lost are those who used to deny that they were destined to meet Allah, face His Law of Requital, and thus remained unguided.
10:46 Whether We let you (O Messenger), behold something of what We promise them, or cause you to die, unto Us is their return (and the Law of Requital is ever vigilant). Allah is the Watcher over what they do.
10:47 For every nation there has been a Messenger. And he always explained to them the distinction between justice and injustice. The Law of Requital has never unjustly dealt with any nation.
10:48 They say, "When will the promise be fulfilled, if you believers are truthful?"
10:49 Say (O Messenger), "I have no power even to avert any harm to myself, or benefit myself contrary to the Laws of Allah. Every nation determines its own rise and fall. When the time comes, they can neither delay, nor hasten the Requital." 10:50 Say, "Have you thought, when His retribution comes to you suddenly by night, or in the bustling day, what portion of it would the guilty wish to hasten?"
10:51 "Would you then profess belief in it at last, when it comes to pass! Ah! Now? And you wanted to hasten it on." (But the period of Respite has been over).
10:52 It will be said to the oppressors and violators of human rights, "Taste the eternal torment, the exact reward of what you earned."
10:53 They keep asking you (O Prophet), "Is it really true?" Say, "Yes indeed, by my Lord, it is really true. And you cannot defy His Laws."
10:54 Whoever oppresses people, has wronged his own "Self". Even if they possessed everything on earth, they would readily present it as ransom. But they will be ashamed within themselves, when they see the doom. They will be judged fairly and no wrong shall be done to them.
10:55 Oh, verily, To Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth. His Promise is unwaveringly True but most of them never learn.
10:56 He it is Who gives life and death. You and your actions will be returned to Him.
10:57 O Mankind! There has now come to you Enlightenment from your Sustainer, and a healing for everything that troubles your hearts, and Guidance, and Grace to all who embrace it.
10:58 Say, "In this Bounty of Allah and in His Grace - in this, then, let them rejoice. It is better than all the treasures that they may amass."
10:59 Say, "Have you considered how Allah sends down to you all kinds of provisions for your minds and bodies? Then you render some of them unlawful and some lawful?" (You go after man-made dogmas thus tampering with the revealed Word of God and declare unlawful His Bounties of sustenance, food, clothing, ornament of life and things of aesthetic beauty such as art). Say, "Has Allah permitted you to do this? Or do you invent lies and attribute them to Allah?" (7:32).
10:60 Does it ever occur to the people who tamper with religion and invent lies concerning Allah, that they will have to face Him on the Resurrection Day? Allah is Infinitely Bountiful toward mankind, but the majority of them do not show gratitude in word and action.
10:61 In whatever condition you may find yourself (O Prophet), and whatever of the Qur'an you are reciting and preaching, and whatever work or business you believers are occupied with, remember that We are your Witness from the moment you enter upon it. Not an atom's weight in the Low nor in the Height escapes your Lord's knowledge. Nor, a thing smaller or bigger, everything in the Universe is recorded in His Clear Decree.
10:62 Remember that people who strive to establish the Divine System, become the friends of Allah. They will have nothing to fear, nor shall they grieve.
10:63 They accepted His Message, followed His Commands, and walked aright.
10:64 There is good news for them in this world and in the life to come. (This is Allah's Word). Allah's Words never change. (And changeless are His Laws (33:62), (35:43), (48:23). And you will never find even a slight turn in His Laws (17:77)). Success in the world and in the life to come is the Supreme Triumph.
10:65 Let not their utterances sadden you (O Prophet!) To Allah wholly belong all Authority, Might and Honor. He is the Hearer, the Knower. (No power, glory or honor is attainable contrary to His Laws).
10:66 Behold! Verily, all creatures in the heavens and all creatures in the earth belong to Allah. (All are His subjects). So, what do they follow who call upon "partners" of Allah? They follow nothing but the conjecture of others, and themselves do nothing but guess.
10:67 He it is Who made night for you to rest in, and made the day lighted to make things visible to you. These are Signs for those who are willing to listen and think.
10:68 And yet they assert, "God has taken unto Himself a son!" Glory to Him! Self-sufficient is He. Unto Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. No evidence whatever you have for this assertion! Would you ascribe to God something you really don't know?
10:69 Say, "Verily, They who attribute their lying inventions to Allah, will see the crops of their false imagery burning to ashes."
10:70 They get their fleeting share in this world, but then unto Us is their return. Our Law of Requital will have them effectively taste a dreadful doom, for they chose to live in the darkness of falsehood.
10:71 (People have been fabricating falsehood since ancient times.) Relate to them the history of Noah. Behold! He said, "O My People! If my presence among you and my announcement of Allah's Messages are hard on you, well, I have put my trust in Allah. Decide then upon what you are going to do against me, and call to your aid your "partners". And once you have chosen your course of action, let no hesitation deflect you from it. Then have a go at me and give me no respite."
10:72 But if you change your mind and turn away from hostility, do so for your own good. I have asked of you no wage. My wage is with Allah alone, and I am commanded to be of those who surrender to Him."
10:73 But, they persisted in their denial, and We saved Noah and his companions who boarded the ship, and made them successors in the land. (The deniers thought of the flood warning as a laughing matter. The Tigris and the Euphrates rivers flooded with torrential rains) and We drowned those who had rejected Our Messages. See then what happened to those who had been given sufficient warning.
10:74 Then after him We sent many Messengers to their respective nations and they brought them clear evidence of the Truth. They preemptively refused to accept the Message. And they were not the kind of people who would rethink their decisions. Our Law puts a seal on the hearts of those who trespass the bounds of reason.
10:75 Then, after them, We sent Moses and Aaron to Pharaoh and his chiefs, with Our Messages. But they were a folk arrogant and they were used to thriving on the fruit of others' toil.
10:76 When the Truth from Us came to them, they said, "This is clearly nothing but magic."
10:77 Moses said, "This is what you say about the Truth when it has come to you! Is this magic? Those who deceive people with lies and claims of magic, never succeed."
10:78 They said, "Have you come to turn us away from our ancestral ways, and so that you two become prominent in the country? However, we will not believe in you two."
10:79 Pharaoh said, "Bring all eloquent debaters to me."
10:80 And when they came, Moses said to them, "Begin with your presentation."
10:81 When they finished with their arguments, Moses said, "Your reasoning is totally flawed. Allah's Laws annihilate the political and social systems that promote corruption, disorder and bloody feuds.
10:82 Allah will always vindicate the Truth by His Laws. Societies will flourish only when they embrace the Permanent Value System. Even though, the guilty that are used to thriving on the toil of others, will hate equity."
10:83 Only a few of the Egyptians, some youngsters, could proclaim belief in Moses because of the fear of Pharaoh and his chiefs. Pharaoh was indeed a great tyrant on earth. He used to cross all bounds of human behavior.
10:84 Moses said, "O My people! If you have believed in Allah and surrendered to Him, then be steadfast in your resolve and action by putting your trust in Him.
10:85 They responded, "In Allah we trust. O Our Lord! Save us from the oppression of the oppressor."
10:86 "Save us with Your Mercy from these ruthless disbelieving folk."
10:87 We commanded Moses and his brother, "Maintain your homes in Egypt, and turn them into places of worship to remember God. Establish the Commandments in your lives and give good news to the believers."
10:88 (Moses promised to proceed on these lines.) He prayed, "Our Lord! You have given Pharaoh and his chiefs a life of luxury and abundance. Our Lord! With their resources and might they continue with their oppression and lead people astray from Your Path. Our Lord! Destroy their riches and make their faculties incapable of contriving their oppressive designs. They will not see the Truth unless they face an awful suffering."
10:89 Allah said, "Your prayer is heard. Both of you shall remain determined. And you both shall not follow the path of those who act without knowledge." (20:36), (20:42).
10:90 We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and Pharaoh with his armies pursued them in rage and bitter enmity. When Pharaoh was drowning, he cried out, "I believe that there is no god but the One in whom the Children of Israel believe, and I am of those who surrender."
10:91 What? Now! You rebelled ardently all your life. You committed bloody crimes on earth.
10:92 Nay, but this day We will only save you in your body so that you may remain a lesson for generations to come. A great many of mankind remain heedless of Our Signs.
10:93 Thereafter indeed, We assigned to the Children of Israel an honorable dwelling place, and gave them decent provision. But they began to hold divergent views and divided among themselves despite the knowledge (of Revelation). Your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection regarding wherein they differed.
10:94 (O Prophet), If you ever think whether the Revelation We send to you could be an inspiration from your heart, ask the angels who bring it. They read it before you read it. Verily the Truth has come to you from your Lord. Be not of those who waver.
10:95 (Those who consider Our Revelations as intrinsic inspiration, in fact deny them.) Be not of those who deny Our Revelations and become losers. 10:96 Verily, they who violate your Lord's Law of Guidance, will not believe (4:88).
10:97 Though every evidence may come to them, till they see the painful doom.
10:98 For, alas, there has never yet been any community that attained belief, and benefited by its belief, except the nation of Jonah. When they embraced belief, We removed from them the suffering of disgrace, and let them enjoy their term. (37:147-148). (They used to live in humiliation at Nineveh. When they accepted the Divine Message, they prospered for about two centuries between 800-612 B.C. Then the Midyans conquered them. After the demise of Jonah, his people had been fast ignoring the Divine Word revealed to Jonah, and leaning towards the resurging priest class. The invaders set on fire the wonderful town of Nineveh. The spacious 60 mile wide, and beautiful town was reduced to ashes. The king of Assyria got himself burnt alive in the palace, and that was the end of the Assyrian dynasty).
10:99 If your Lord willed, all men and women on earth would have believed. Would you compel people to believe? (2:256), (76:4-6).
10:100 None can attain conviction contrary to Allah's Laws. And those who do not use their intellect are made to carry loads of confusion on their minds.
10:101 Say, "Behold what is in the heavens and the earth! No miracles and no warnings will help those who are bent upon denying the Truth. (2:6-7), (41:53).
10:102 Can they expect other than the days of calamity that befell those who passed away before them? Say, "Wait then! I shall wait with you."
10:103 (At the time of Requital) We save Our Messengers and the community of believers as in the old times. It is incumbent upon Us to save the community of true believers.
10:104 Say, "O Mankind! If you have any doubt about the System that I am trying to establish, and if you believe that other parallel systems can be of avail to you, let us go ahead with our programs. I worship not and obey not those whom you worship and obey instead of Allah. But I obey Allah Who causes you do die (and Who controls the Laws of life and death of individuals and nations). I have been commanded to be of the believers."
10:105 (O Prophet) Set your purpose resolutely for the Upright System of life and do not be of those who associate anyone with Allah in any form.
10:106 Do not ever call on deities besides Allah. They have no control over your harm or benefit. If you expected help outside the Laws of Allah, you will be among the wrongdoers.
10:107 If Allah's Law afflicts you, there is none who can remove it contrary to His Laws. And when He blesses you, no power can hinder His Grace. He bestows His Grace upon His servants according to His Laws. And He is Forgiving, Merciful.
10:108 Say, "O Mankind! Now has come to you the Truth from your Lord. So whoever chooses to follow the right path, follows it for his own "Self". And whoever chooses to go astray, goes astray to his own hurt. And I am not a guardian over you."
10:109 (O Messenger), Follow what is revealed to you and be steadfast in adversity until Allah issues His Judgment. And He is the Best of judges.
[Author's note] This is the 10th Surah of the Qur'an. It has 109 verses. Prophet Jonah was sent to Nineveh, the capital of Ancient Assyria around 700 BC. Nineveh was located by the East Bank of the Tigris River, and had a population of just over 100,000. Granting a period of Respite to nations, in which they can mend their ways, is one of the eternal Divine Laws.
With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Instant and Sustaining Source of all Mercy and Kindness.
10:1 A.L.R. Alif. Laam. RA. Allah Aleem the Knower, Raheem the Merciful, announces that these are the Verses of a Book that is full of Wisdom.
10:2 Is it too much of a wonder for people that We reveal Our Message to a man among them? "You shall warn mankind, and give good news to those who attain belief that they have a sure footing with their Lord." Those who are bent upon denying the Truth, say, "This man is an obvious wizard." (He is gifted with spellbinding eloquence).
10:3 But, your Lord (Who sent this Book) is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six stages, and is established on the Throne of His Almightiness in Supreme Control. He, the Director of all directions, Issuer of all decrees, runs the Universe according to His Laws. No intercessor can stand in His Court but as a witness of Law (2:255), (16:111)). Such is Allah, your Sustainer. You shall serve Him. Won't you use your intellect and reasoning?
10:4 To Him is your ultimate return, all of you. Allah's Promise is the unwavering Truth. He creates the first creation, and He will create it again so that every action may have its Just Recompense. Those who attained belief and worked to augment the society will have their just reward. And those who rejected the Truth, for them will be a burning draught of despair and a painful doom because of their persistent refusal to acknowledge the Truth. (A consequence of their own doings (33:24), (34:3-4), (45:22), (53:31)).
10:5 He it is, Who appointed the sun as a splendid glow, and the moon as a cool light. He appointed stages for the moon, in due measure. You make your calculations and calendars accordingly (6:97), (17:12). Allah has created the Universe as the Absolute Reality and for a Purpose. (It is neither a dream, nor a reflection of the world of ideas). Allah details His Verses for those who wish to learn.
10:6 In the difference of day and night, and all that Allah has created in the heavens and the earth, there are signs for those who wish to walk aright.
10:7 Those who expect not to meet Us, and content themselves with the petty delights of the worldly life, do not look beyond it, and neglect Our Messages,
10:8 Their home will be the Fire that they have earned (ignited) with their own actions.
I0:9 Those who attain to faith, and help people, their Lord guides them by their conviction (that no action goes waste). He shows and walks them the way to the Gardens of delight, beneath which rivers flow.
10:10 Their prayer therein will be, "Glory be to You, O Allah!" Their greeting to one another will be, "Peace!" The conclusion of their prayer will be, "Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds!" (And so shall be the peaceful Ideal Society on earth. They will realize that the good of one is the good of another and see how Praiseworthy the Giver of such Blissful Guidance is).
10:11 If Allah hastened requital for people as they hasten for immediate delights, their respite would have already expired. (It is Allah's Mercy that His Law of Requital does not grasp them instantly. He gives them time to mend their ways). Those who do not entertain the hope of meeting with Us, We leave them wandering in their rebellion.
10:12 When affliction befalls man, he cries unto Us, whether he be lying, or sitting or standing. But when We have relieved him of the affliction, he goes his way as if he had never cried unto Us for what afflicted him. Those who trespass the Divine Laws, lose discernment and even their ill deeds then seem fair to them.
10:13 We annihilated many nations before you for their violation of human rights. Their Messengers had come to them with clear evidence of the Truth, but they refused to believe them. Thus do We reward those who steal the fruit of others' labor.
10:14 Now, We have made you their successors in the land, to behold how you behave.
10:15 When Our Messages are conveyed to them in all clarity, those who hope not that they are destined to meet with Us, (want to strike a deal with the Messenger). They say, "Bring us a Qur'an other than this or make some changes in it." Say (O Prophet), "It is not conceivable that I would alter it myself. I only follow what is revealed to me. I cannot disobey my Lord, for I fear the retribution of a Mighty Day."
10:16 Say, "If Allah wanted otherwise, I would have not recited and conveyed this to you, nor would have made you aware of it. Indeed, a whole lifetime have I dwelt among you before this. (You have always called me Al-Amin, the trustworthy). Will you not, then, use your reason?"
10:17 Who does a greater wrong than the one who himself forges a lie, then ascribes it to Allah, or falsifies His Revelations, or denies them? Those who steal the fruit of others' labor under any pretense, certainly do not prosper.
10:18 They worship and obey besides Allah, deities that can neither harm nor benefit them. They say, "These are our intercessors with Allah." Say, "Are you informing Allah of what He knows not in the heavens and the earth? Glory to Him! (39:3). He is High, Exalted above all that they associate with Him."
10:19 All mankind were but one community (and are meant to be so); then they differed (2:213). Had not your Lord decreed the Law of free will for humans, He would have judged their disputes immediately (2:30), (2:256), (11:118), (16:9), (76:2-3).
10:20 And they say, "Why was not a miracle sent down upon him from his Lord?" Then answer (O Prophet), "The Unseen is known to Allah alone. Wait for the results of my Program. Indeed, I shall be waiting with you." (That will be the best sign for all of us to behold).
10:21 When We cause people to taste of Mercy after they have suffered a hardship, they start scheming to defy Our Commands. Say, "Allah is more Swift in planning. Our couriers write down what you plot."
10:22 He it is Who enables you to travel in the land and the sea. When you board the ships, the ships sail with the voyagers with a favorable breeze. And they rejoice therein. If a stormy wind comes and the waves surround them, they think they are overwhelmed. Then they implore God, in all sincerity turning to His Universal Laws, saying, "If You only save us this time, we will truly show our gratitude."
10:23 Yet as soon as He has saved them, they return to land in their behavior of rebellion against the Divine Laws. O Mankind! Remember that your rebellion is only against your own "Self" (91:9-10). Enjoyment of the worldly life with disregard of Eternity, is but a fleeting delight. Then unto Us is your return, and We shall make you understand what you truly accomplished.
10:24 Those who do not invest in the life to come must consider a similitude: The life of the world is a passing delight: We send down water from the height to produce with it all kinds of plants from the earth, provision for humans and animals. Then, just as the earth has taken its ornament and is perfectly adorned, and its people think that they are in control, Our Command arrives by night or by day, leaving it completely barren, as if nothing existed there yesterday. The only way to inherit the fruit of your labor in the Hereafter is to live by Our Laws. We expound Our Revelations and Signs in Nature for those who use their intellect.
10:25 Allah calls to the Lasting Abode of Peace, and leads men and women to the Straight Path. This Guidance can only be achieved according to His Laws (4:88).
10:26 Those who benefit humanity get rewarded manifold. No dust of sadness and no trace of humiliation will overshadow their faces. Such are the rightful dwellers of the Garden; they will abide therein.
10:27 And those who are unjust to others in their daily lives, will fail to balance their own personalities. They will spend their lives in sadness and humiliation, a linear result of their own actions. There will be no one to protect them from Allah's Law. They will wander as if the darkness of night had covered their faces. They are the ones who have built their Hell and they will inherit it in the Eternity.
10:28 One Day We will gather all of them together. We will say to those who acknowledged false deities, "Stay back, you and your pretended partners of Allah!" We will have the leaders and their followers confront each other. Their leaders will say, "It was not us you worshiped."
10:29 And such false deities (as Prophets, angels, saints, and the Universal forces) will say, "Allah suffices as a Witness between us and you, that we were not even aware of your worship." (They worshiped the intrinsic and extrinsic projections of their own desires and fantasies).
10:30 Therein every person will experience exactly what he or she did before. Then they are returned to Allah, their MAULA, the True Lord Supreme, and all their false imagery leaves them in the lurch. (There is no MAULANA but Allah).
10:31 (Now is the time for them to think.) Say (O Messenger), "Who is it that provides for you from the heaven and the earth, or who is it that has full power over your hearing and sight? And who is it that brings forth the living from the dead, and the dead from the living? And who is it that directs the Order of the Universe?" They will say, "Allah." Say, "Will you not then be mindful of His Laws?"
10:32 Such is Allah, your Rightful Lord. After the Truth what is there but error? How could you then turn away?
10:33 The Word of your Lord is justified that those who drift away from Reason will not accept the Truth.
10:34 Ask them, "Can any of your 'partner gods' originate Creation and carry them through evolution?" Say, "Allah originates Creation and carries them through evolution. How are you then so misled?"
10:35 Say, "Of your 'partners' is there any that can lead you to the Truth?" Say, "Allah leads to the Truth. So, who is more worthy of being followed? The One Who shows you the Way or he who finds no way unless he is guided? What is amiss with you? How do you judge?"
10:36 The majority of the people follow nothing but conjecture. Surely, conjecture can never at all be a substitute for the Truth. Allah is Knower of how they act (and forge).
10:37 Now this Qur'an could not possibly have been devised by anyone except Allah. Nay indeed, it is a confirmation of the Divine Origin of the earlier Revelations, and a clear exposition of the Eternal Law. Without any trace of doubt, this Book is from the Lord of the Worlds. (While it confirms the surviving Truth in the previous Revelations, it is a Watcher over them and ignores and, where necessary, corrects the human touch in them (5:48)).
10:38 Or, do they say, "He has invented it?" Tell them, "Bring one Surah like this and call for help everyone you can besides Allah, if you are truthful." (2:23), (11:13). (One chapter like this in beauty, eloquence and wisdom. And "besides Allah" would mean, without copying phrases and sentences from the Qur'an).
10:39 Nay, they deny it without grasping the profound knowledge therein. And they have yet to see the benevolent transformation it can bring about in the making of humanity. Generations before them rejected Divine Revelation. Then see what was the consequence for those who thus wronged themselves!
10:40 And of them is he who believes in this (Qur'an), and of them is he who does not believe in it. And your Lord is best Aware of those who are bent upon denial and want corruption and disorder to go on.
10:41 If they keep denying you (O Prophet), say, "I have my work, and you have your work. You are innocent of what I do and I am innocent of what you do." (109:1-6).
10:42 Among them are those who apparently listen to you. (But their thoughts are wandering). Can you make those deaf to hear who do not use reason? (47:16).
10:43 And among them you will find those who look at you without seeing. (Their mind is roaming elsewhere). Can you show the way to those who are blind of the heart? (7:198).
10:44 Allah is never unjust to human beings; but people wrong themselves. (Failing to use the God-given faculties is the first wrong one can commit. It brings the humans down to subhuman levels (7:179)).
10:45 On the Day when He will gather them, they will think as if they lived in this world for one hour of the day. Others will think it was a day or a few days (20:103-104). They will recognize one another as they did yesterday. Lost are those who used to deny that they were destined to meet Allah, face His Law of Requital, and thus remained unguided.
10:46 Whether We let you (O Messenger), behold something of what We promise them, or cause you to die, unto Us is their return (and the Law of Requital is ever vigilant). Allah is the Watcher over what they do.
10:47 For every nation there has been a Messenger. And he always explained to them the distinction between justice and injustice. The Law of Requital has never unjustly dealt with any nation.
10:48 They say, "When will the promise be fulfilled, if you believers are truthful?"
10:49 Say (O Messenger), "I have no power even to avert any harm to myself, or benefit myself contrary to the Laws of Allah. Every nation determines its own rise and fall. When the time comes, they can neither delay, nor hasten the Requital." 10:50 Say, "Have you thought, when His retribution comes to you suddenly by night, or in the bustling day, what portion of it would the guilty wish to hasten?"
10:51 "Would you then profess belief in it at last, when it comes to pass! Ah! Now? And you wanted to hasten it on." (But the period of Respite has been over).
10:52 It will be said to the oppressors and violators of human rights, "Taste the eternal torment, the exact reward of what you earned."
10:53 They keep asking you (O Prophet), "Is it really true?" Say, "Yes indeed, by my Lord, it is really true. And you cannot defy His Laws."
10:54 Whoever oppresses people, has wronged his own "Self". Even if they possessed everything on earth, they would readily present it as ransom. But they will be ashamed within themselves, when they see the doom. They will be judged fairly and no wrong shall be done to them.
10:55 Oh, verily, To Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth. His Promise is unwaveringly True but most of them never learn.
10:56 He it is Who gives life and death. You and your actions will be returned to Him.
10:57 O Mankind! There has now come to you Enlightenment from your Sustainer, and a healing for everything that troubles your hearts, and Guidance, and Grace to all who embrace it.
10:58 Say, "In this Bounty of Allah and in His Grace - in this, then, let them rejoice. It is better than all the treasures that they may amass."
10:59 Say, "Have you considered how Allah sends down to you all kinds of provisions for your minds and bodies? Then you render some of them unlawful and some lawful?" (You go after man-made dogmas thus tampering with the revealed Word of God and declare unlawful His Bounties of sustenance, food, clothing, ornament of life and things of aesthetic beauty such as art). Say, "Has Allah permitted you to do this? Or do you invent lies and attribute them to Allah?" (7:32).
10:60 Does it ever occur to the people who tamper with religion and invent lies concerning Allah, that they will have to face Him on the Resurrection Day? Allah is Infinitely Bountiful toward mankind, but the majority of them do not show gratitude in word and action.
10:61 In whatever condition you may find yourself (O Prophet), and whatever of the Qur'an you are reciting and preaching, and whatever work or business you believers are occupied with, remember that We are your Witness from the moment you enter upon it. Not an atom's weight in the Low nor in the Height escapes your Lord's knowledge. Nor, a thing smaller or bigger, everything in the Universe is recorded in His Clear Decree.
10:62 Remember that people who strive to establish the Divine System, become the friends of Allah. They will have nothing to fear, nor shall they grieve.
10:63 They accepted His Message, followed His Commands, and walked aright.
10:64 There is good news for them in this world and in the life to come. (This is Allah's Word). Allah's Words never change. (And changeless are His Laws (33:62), (35:43), (48:23). And you will never find even a slight turn in His Laws (17:77)). Success in the world and in the life to come is the Supreme Triumph.
10:65 Let not their utterances sadden you (O Prophet!) To Allah wholly belong all Authority, Might and Honor. He is the Hearer, the Knower. (No power, glory or honor is attainable contrary to His Laws).
10:66 Behold! Verily, all creatures in the heavens and all creatures in the earth belong to Allah. (All are His subjects). So, what do they follow who call upon "partners" of Allah? They follow nothing but the conjecture of others, and themselves do nothing but guess.
10:67 He it is Who made night for you to rest in, and made the day lighted to make things visible to you. These are Signs for those who are willing to listen and think.
10:68 And yet they assert, "God has taken unto Himself a son!" Glory to Him! Self-sufficient is He. Unto Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. No evidence whatever you have for this assertion! Would you ascribe to God something you really don't know?
10:69 Say, "Verily, They who attribute their lying inventions to Allah, will see the crops of their false imagery burning to ashes."
10:70 They get their fleeting share in this world, but then unto Us is their return. Our Law of Requital will have them effectively taste a dreadful doom, for they chose to live in the darkness of falsehood.
10:71 (People have been fabricating falsehood since ancient times.) Relate to them the history of Noah. Behold! He said, "O My People! If my presence among you and my announcement of Allah's Messages are hard on you, well, I have put my trust in Allah. Decide then upon what you are going to do against me, and call to your aid your "partners". And once you have chosen your course of action, let no hesitation deflect you from it. Then have a go at me and give me no respite."
10:72 But if you change your mind and turn away from hostility, do so for your own good. I have asked of you no wage. My wage is with Allah alone, and I am commanded to be of those who surrender to Him."
10:73 But, they persisted in their denial, and We saved Noah and his companions who boarded the ship, and made them successors in the land. (The deniers thought of the flood warning as a laughing matter. The Tigris and the Euphrates rivers flooded with torrential rains) and We drowned those who had rejected Our Messages. See then what happened to those who had been given sufficient warning.
10:74 Then after him We sent many Messengers to their respective nations and they brought them clear evidence of the Truth. They preemptively refused to accept the Message. And they were not the kind of people who would rethink their decisions. Our Law puts a seal on the hearts of those who trespass the bounds of reason.
10:75 Then, after them, We sent Moses and Aaron to Pharaoh and his chiefs, with Our Messages. But they were a folk arrogant and they were used to thriving on the fruit of others' toil.
10:76 When the Truth from Us came to them, they said, "This is clearly nothing but magic."
10:77 Moses said, "This is what you say about the Truth when it has come to you! Is this magic? Those who deceive people with lies and claims of magic, never succeed."
10:78 They said, "Have you come to turn us away from our ancestral ways, and so that you two become prominent in the country? However, we will not believe in you two."
10:79 Pharaoh said, "Bring all eloquent debaters to me."
10:80 And when they came, Moses said to them, "Begin with your presentation."
10:81 When they finished with their arguments, Moses said, "Your reasoning is totally flawed. Allah's Laws annihilate the political and social systems that promote corruption, disorder and bloody feuds.
10:82 Allah will always vindicate the Truth by His Laws. Societies will flourish only when they embrace the Permanent Value System. Even though, the guilty that are used to thriving on the toil of others, will hate equity."
10:83 Only a few of the Egyptians, some youngsters, could proclaim belief in Moses because of the fear of Pharaoh and his chiefs. Pharaoh was indeed a great tyrant on earth. He used to cross all bounds of human behavior.
10:84 Moses said, "O My people! If you have believed in Allah and surrendered to Him, then be steadfast in your resolve and action by putting your trust in Him.
10:85 They responded, "In Allah we trust. O Our Lord! Save us from the oppression of the oppressor."
10:86 "Save us with Your Mercy from these ruthless disbelieving folk."
10:87 We commanded Moses and his brother, "Maintain your homes in Egypt, and turn them into places of worship to remember God. Establish the Commandments in your lives and give good news to the believers."
10:88 (Moses promised to proceed on these lines.) He prayed, "Our Lord! You have given Pharaoh and his chiefs a life of luxury and abundance. Our Lord! With their resources and might they continue with their oppression and lead people astray from Your Path. Our Lord! Destroy their riches and make their faculties incapable of contriving their oppressive designs. They will not see the Truth unless they face an awful suffering."
10:89 Allah said, "Your prayer is heard. Both of you shall remain determined. And you both shall not follow the path of those who act without knowledge." (20:36), (20:42).
10:90 We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and Pharaoh with his armies pursued them in rage and bitter enmity. When Pharaoh was drowning, he cried out, "I believe that there is no god but the One in whom the Children of Israel believe, and I am of those who surrender."
10:91 What? Now! You rebelled ardently all your life. You committed bloody crimes on earth.
10:92 Nay, but this day We will only save you in your body so that you may remain a lesson for generations to come. A great many of mankind remain heedless of Our Signs.
10:93 Thereafter indeed, We assigned to the Children of Israel an honorable dwelling place, and gave them decent provision. But they began to hold divergent views and divided among themselves despite the knowledge (of Revelation). Your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection regarding wherein they differed.
10:94 (O Prophet), If you ever think whether the Revelation We send to you could be an inspiration from your heart, ask the angels who bring it. They read it before you read it. Verily the Truth has come to you from your Lord. Be not of those who waver.
10:95 (Those who consider Our Revelations as intrinsic inspiration, in fact deny them.) Be not of those who deny Our Revelations and become losers. 10:96 Verily, they who violate your Lord's Law of Guidance, will not believe (4:88).
10:97 Though every evidence may come to them, till they see the painful doom.
10:98 For, alas, there has never yet been any community that attained belief, and benefited by its belief, except the nation of Jonah. When they embraced belief, We removed from them the suffering of disgrace, and let them enjoy their term. (37:147-148). (They used to live in humiliation at Nineveh. When they accepted the Divine Message, they prospered for about two centuries between 800-612 B.C. Then the Midyans conquered them. After the demise of Jonah, his people had been fast ignoring the Divine Word revealed to Jonah, and leaning towards the resurging priest class. The invaders set on fire the wonderful town of Nineveh. The spacious 60 mile wide, and beautiful town was reduced to ashes. The king of Assyria got himself burnt alive in the palace, and that was the end of the Assyrian dynasty).
10:99 If your Lord willed, all men and women on earth would have believed. Would you compel people to believe? (2:256), (76:4-6).
10:100 None can attain conviction contrary to Allah's Laws. And those who do not use their intellect are made to carry loads of confusion on their minds.
10:101 Say, "Behold what is in the heavens and the earth! No miracles and no warnings will help those who are bent upon denying the Truth. (2:6-7), (41:53).
10:102 Can they expect other than the days of calamity that befell those who passed away before them? Say, "Wait then! I shall wait with you."
10:103 (At the time of Requital) We save Our Messengers and the community of believers as in the old times. It is incumbent upon Us to save the community of true believers.
10:104 Say, "O Mankind! If you have any doubt about the System that I am trying to establish, and if you believe that other parallel systems can be of avail to you, let us go ahead with our programs. I worship not and obey not those whom you worship and obey instead of Allah. But I obey Allah Who causes you do die (and Who controls the Laws of life and death of individuals and nations). I have been commanded to be of the believers."
10:105 (O Prophet) Set your purpose resolutely for the Upright System of life and do not be of those who associate anyone with Allah in any form.
10:106 Do not ever call on deities besides Allah. They have no control over your harm or benefit. If you expected help outside the Laws of Allah, you will be among the wrongdoers.
10:107 If Allah's Law afflicts you, there is none who can remove it contrary to His Laws. And when He blesses you, no power can hinder His Grace. He bestows His Grace upon His servants according to His Laws. And He is Forgiving, Merciful.
10:108 Say, "O Mankind! Now has come to you the Truth from your Lord. So whoever chooses to follow the right path, follows it for his own "Self". And whoever chooses to go astray, goes astray to his own hurt. And I am not a guardian over you."
10:109 (O Messenger), Follow what is revealed to you and be steadfast in adversity until Allah issues His Judgment. And He is the Best of judges.
Surah 50 - Qaf - Qaf
From: http://www.quranexplained.co.uk/main-menu.htm
[Author's note] This is the 50th Surah of the Qur'an and it has 45 verses. Along with other concepts, this Surah underscores that Allah is Omnipresent, He is not resting in the heavens, and He is closer to us than our lifeline, the Vena cava.
With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Instant and Sustaining Source of all Mercy and Kindness.
50:1 Q. QAF. Qif! Stop and think! Qadir, the Omnipotent, presents this Glorious Qur'an as a witness to itself.
50:2 But, nay, they marvel that a Warner from among their own has come unto them! And so these deniers are saying, "This is a weird thing!
50:3 What! After we have died and become dust? Such a return is a thought far-fetched indeed!"
50:4 (But) We know what the earth takes of them. (It is only their physical body that becomes dust. Their "Self" lives on). And with Us is a Guarded Book (of Laws).
50:5 Nay, but they denied the Truth as soon as it came to them. And so, they are in a state of utter confusion.
50:6 Do they not look at the sky above them how We have built it and beautified it, and there are no flaws therein!
50:7 And the earth. We have spread it out, and scattered mountains firm on it, and caused it to bring forth plants on it of all beauteous kind. (This gives us a scenario of a huge ball with carpets spread out on it held in place with weights. And the mountains serve as great water reservoirs that help grow the vegetation (13:3), (15:19), (31:10), (39:5), (79:28-30), (88:20)).
50:8 A Vision and an enlightening Reminder for every servant who wishes to turn (to Allah).
50:9 And We send down from the high atmosphere blessed water whereby We cause to grow colorful gardens and fields of grains.
50:10 And lofty palm-trees with their thickly clustered fruit.
50:11 A provision for My servants. And by all this We revive a dead land. Thus it is: (your) coming forth.
50:12 Before them denied the Message, the nation of Noah, the dwellers of the valley of Ar-Rass (25:38), and Thamud.
50:13 And 'Ad, and Pharaoh, and the brothers of Lot.
50:14 And the dwellers in the wooded dales (of Midyan), and the nation of King Tubba'. All of them denied their Messengers, so My warning came to pass. (44:37). [The Himairi Tribe had gained control of the Kingdom of Sheba in 115 B.C. and ruled until 300 C.E. Tubba' was the most prominent of their kings, and he was a Unitarian Christian like the vast majority of Christians before the Conference of Nicea in Rome in 325 C.E.]
50:15 Could, We, then, be worn out by the first creation? Nay, they are still (after such diverse examples,) lost in doubt about a new creation. (46:33).
50:16 Now indeed, it is We Who have created man and We know the whispering that goes on within his mind (all the intricacies of his thought process), for, We are nearer to him than his Vena cava. ['Hablil warid' is usually translated as Jugular vein or neck-vein. But 'Habl' = Rope = Cable = A thing that binds = Guarantee = Indispensable = Binding pledge = Holding from disintegration = Holding together. 'Warid' = Vein. Hence, my rendering of 'Hablil warid' into Vena cava, the great veins, superior and inferior. They ultimately return the blood from the brain and the body to the heart. The use of 'vein' in this verse, instead of 'artery', seems to allude to the superiority of mind over body. What is being carried from the brain to the heart is through veins]
50:17 And so it may happen that two conflicting demands in his mind, sitting in opposite directions, pull him apart. (His reason, and his emotions (50:21)).
50:18 Not even a word can he utter but there is an ever-vigilant watcher with him. (The Law of Requital makes a meticulous record).
50:19 And then, the twilight of death brings with it the inevitable truth. "This is the very thing you would rather evade."
50:20 (Then a long slumber) - And - the Trumpet is blown - This is the Day Promised.
50:21 And every person will come with his actions and their imprints.
50:22 Yes, indeed, you were oblivious to this. But now We have removed your veil and sharp is your vision this Day.
50:23 And his other part (the imprints) will say, "Here is the record ready with me."
50:24 It will be said, "Throw, throw into Hell every stubborn enemy of the Truth!"
50:25 "Every withholder of charity - given to extremes - fomenter of distrust between people." 50:26 "Whoever had set up another god along with Allah. Hurl, hurl him in the strong retribution."
50:27 Man's comrade (desire) will say, "Our Lord! I did not mislead him. He himself was far astray."
50:28 Thus will respond He, "Contend not in My Presence, for I had sent forth to you warning in advance."
50:29 "The Word changes not with Me, and I am not at all unjust to My servants."
50:30 On that Day We will ask Hell, "Are you filled?" And it will answer, "Is there yet more for me?"
50:31 And the Paradise will be brought close to those who walked aright, no longer distant.
50:32 This is what you were promised. It is for everyone who was turning to the Message and guarded it.
50:33 Everyone who feared violating the Laws of the Beneficent even in privacy and came with a heart that kept turning to Him.
50:34 Enter this Paradise in Peace! This is the Day of immortality.
50:35 There they have all they desire, and therein is yet more with Us.
50:36 (All this is the Law of Requital.) And how many a generation We annihilated before them, of greater might than theirs! But, then they wandered on the face of the earth asking, "Is there a place of refuge?"
50:37 Therein, behold, is a reminder for him who has a heart, that is, listens with a presence of mind. ((50:21). 'Aw' = Or = That is = So that = As it is = And so).
50:38 And (who believes that) verily, We created the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in six stages, and weariness did not even touch Us.
50:39 Hence, bear with patience whatever they say, and keep doing your best from before the rising of the sun to after it sets, for establishing the Glory and Praise of your Lord.
50:40 And at night too, do your best, hence, all humanity will come to adore Him. (52:49), (73:20).
50:41 And the day is coming when a caller will call from close-by. (The enemy will approach you for war).
50:42 The day on which they will hear the real battle-cry. That is the day of coming forth (along with your companions, O Prophet).
50:43 Verily, it is We Who grant life and dispense death, and unto us is the destination. (8:42).
50:44 On that day, the earth will split asunder before them (they shall fail to advance). This assembling of the forces is easy for Us.
50:45 We know full well whatever they say, and you are, by no means, a compeller over them. Nevertheless, remind with this Qur'an, any who would fear My warning!
[Author's note] This is the 50th Surah of the Qur'an and it has 45 verses. Along with other concepts, this Surah underscores that Allah is Omnipresent, He is not resting in the heavens, and He is closer to us than our lifeline, the Vena cava.
With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Instant and Sustaining Source of all Mercy and Kindness.
50:1 Q. QAF. Qif! Stop and think! Qadir, the Omnipotent, presents this Glorious Qur'an as a witness to itself.
50:2 But, nay, they marvel that a Warner from among their own has come unto them! And so these deniers are saying, "This is a weird thing!
50:3 What! After we have died and become dust? Such a return is a thought far-fetched indeed!"
50:4 (But) We know what the earth takes of them. (It is only their physical body that becomes dust. Their "Self" lives on). And with Us is a Guarded Book (of Laws).
50:5 Nay, but they denied the Truth as soon as it came to them. And so, they are in a state of utter confusion.
50:6 Do they not look at the sky above them how We have built it and beautified it, and there are no flaws therein!
50:7 And the earth. We have spread it out, and scattered mountains firm on it, and caused it to bring forth plants on it of all beauteous kind. (This gives us a scenario of a huge ball with carpets spread out on it held in place with weights. And the mountains serve as great water reservoirs that help grow the vegetation (13:3), (15:19), (31:10), (39:5), (79:28-30), (88:20)).
50:8 A Vision and an enlightening Reminder for every servant who wishes to turn (to Allah).
50:9 And We send down from the high atmosphere blessed water whereby We cause to grow colorful gardens and fields of grains.
50:10 And lofty palm-trees with their thickly clustered fruit.
50:11 A provision for My servants. And by all this We revive a dead land. Thus it is: (your) coming forth.
50:12 Before them denied the Message, the nation of Noah, the dwellers of the valley of Ar-Rass (25:38), and Thamud.
50:13 And 'Ad, and Pharaoh, and the brothers of Lot.
50:14 And the dwellers in the wooded dales (of Midyan), and the nation of King Tubba'. All of them denied their Messengers, so My warning came to pass. (44:37). [The Himairi Tribe had gained control of the Kingdom of Sheba in 115 B.C. and ruled until 300 C.E. Tubba' was the most prominent of their kings, and he was a Unitarian Christian like the vast majority of Christians before the Conference of Nicea in Rome in 325 C.E.]
50:15 Could, We, then, be worn out by the first creation? Nay, they are still (after such diverse examples,) lost in doubt about a new creation. (46:33).
50:16 Now indeed, it is We Who have created man and We know the whispering that goes on within his mind (all the intricacies of his thought process), for, We are nearer to him than his Vena cava. ['Hablil warid' is usually translated as Jugular vein or neck-vein. But 'Habl' = Rope = Cable = A thing that binds = Guarantee = Indispensable = Binding pledge = Holding from disintegration = Holding together. 'Warid' = Vein. Hence, my rendering of 'Hablil warid' into Vena cava, the great veins, superior and inferior. They ultimately return the blood from the brain and the body to the heart. The use of 'vein' in this verse, instead of 'artery', seems to allude to the superiority of mind over body. What is being carried from the brain to the heart is through veins]
50:17 And so it may happen that two conflicting demands in his mind, sitting in opposite directions, pull him apart. (His reason, and his emotions (50:21)).
50:18 Not even a word can he utter but there is an ever-vigilant watcher with him. (The Law of Requital makes a meticulous record).
50:19 And then, the twilight of death brings with it the inevitable truth. "This is the very thing you would rather evade."
50:20 (Then a long slumber) - And - the Trumpet is blown - This is the Day Promised.
50:21 And every person will come with his actions and their imprints.
50:22 Yes, indeed, you were oblivious to this. But now We have removed your veil and sharp is your vision this Day.
50:23 And his other part (the imprints) will say, "Here is the record ready with me."
50:24 It will be said, "Throw, throw into Hell every stubborn enemy of the Truth!"
50:25 "Every withholder of charity - given to extremes - fomenter of distrust between people." 50:26 "Whoever had set up another god along with Allah. Hurl, hurl him in the strong retribution."
50:27 Man's comrade (desire) will say, "Our Lord! I did not mislead him. He himself was far astray."
50:28 Thus will respond He, "Contend not in My Presence, for I had sent forth to you warning in advance."
50:29 "The Word changes not with Me, and I am not at all unjust to My servants."
50:30 On that Day We will ask Hell, "Are you filled?" And it will answer, "Is there yet more for me?"
50:31 And the Paradise will be brought close to those who walked aright, no longer distant.
50:32 This is what you were promised. It is for everyone who was turning to the Message and guarded it.
50:33 Everyone who feared violating the Laws of the Beneficent even in privacy and came with a heart that kept turning to Him.
50:34 Enter this Paradise in Peace! This is the Day of immortality.
50:35 There they have all they desire, and therein is yet more with Us.
50:36 (All this is the Law of Requital.) And how many a generation We annihilated before them, of greater might than theirs! But, then they wandered on the face of the earth asking, "Is there a place of refuge?"
50:37 Therein, behold, is a reminder for him who has a heart, that is, listens with a presence of mind. ((50:21). 'Aw' = Or = That is = So that = As it is = And so).
50:38 And (who believes that) verily, We created the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in six stages, and weariness did not even touch Us.
50:39 Hence, bear with patience whatever they say, and keep doing your best from before the rising of the sun to after it sets, for establishing the Glory and Praise of your Lord.
50:40 And at night too, do your best, hence, all humanity will come to adore Him. (52:49), (73:20).
50:41 And the day is coming when a caller will call from close-by. (The enemy will approach you for war).
50:42 The day on which they will hear the real battle-cry. That is the day of coming forth (along with your companions, O Prophet).
50:43 Verily, it is We Who grant life and dispense death, and unto us is the destination. (8:42).
50:44 On that day, the earth will split asunder before them (they shall fail to advance). This assembling of the forces is easy for Us.
50:45 We know full well whatever they say, and you are, by no means, a compeller over them. Nevertheless, remind with this Qur'an, any who would fear My warning!
Surah 1 - Al-Fatihah - The Opening
http://www.quranexplained.co.uk/main-menu.htm
To see the explanation of key words, take your mouse pointer on the yellow words or numbers
With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate [Who has bestowed upon mankind His Guidance {10:57-58, 17:82}], the Most Beneficent [Who showers His special blessings upon those who rehearse it and abide by it {7:204, 6:155}].
Rahmaan & Raheem [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
1:1 All the praise glory and thanks to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds [Who brings things into existence, nourishes, sustains, maintains, regularises, and directs them from their earliest state to that of ultimate completion and perfection].
[Hamd] [Rabb]
1:2 [O Allah, You are] the most Compassionate [Who has bestowed upon us countless blessings without us doing any effort to get them {7:57, 25:48, 27:63, 28:73, 30:46, 42:28}], the most Beneficent [Who reward graciously to those who live according to Your Prescribed Way of Life {7:156, 9:99, 12:56, 21:75, 21:86, 29:23, 45:30, 57:28}].
1:3 [You are] the Supreme Ruler of the Day of Complete Submission [to Your Sovereignty, when no one will be subservient to another and all matters will be decided in accordance with Your Prescribed Laws {9:33, 82:17-19}]; the Absolute Master {17:111} [Who possess the right over everything and Has power to direct and control them according to Your Self-defined Laws] of the day of Judgement {26:82, 37:20-21} and Recompense {51:12-13, 56:56}[when none whosoever will have power to do anything for anyone and all the affairs will take place according to Your Sole Command {82:17-19}].
[Malik] [Yaum] [Deen]
1:4 [Realizing these facts, we affirm that] We serve , You alone [by obeying Your Commands and doing only what is in accordance with Your Commands] and we entreat You alone to help us [in this commitment of ours] [We realize that You are the One Whose help should be sought {12:18, 21:112} with patient preservation and earnest supplication {2:153, 2:45, 7:128}].
Ibadat [1][2] [3] [4][5]; [Nastaeen]
1:5 Guide us, and cause us to take and keep following the right path that is direct, straight, undeviating, even and balanced {3:51, 6:153, 15:40-41, 19:36, 36:61, 43:64} , and will surely take us to the destination [that You have ordained for us].
[Hidayat][Siraat][Mustaqeem]
1:6 The path of those upon whom You bestowed blissful benefits [as a result of their obedience to Your Commands] {2:47, 31:20},
[Naimat]
1:7 Not of those who earned indignation, humiliation and misery [as a consequence of rejecting Your Commands] {2:61, 7:152, 8:53}, nor of those who erred, deviated from the straight path or lost the right way {37:69-71, 45:23} {29:69, 61:5}.
To see the explanation of key words, take your mouse pointer on the yellow words or numbers
With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate [Who has bestowed upon mankind His Guidance {10:57-58, 17:82}], the Most Beneficent [Who showers His special blessings upon those who rehearse it and abide by it {7:204, 6:155}].
Rahmaan & Raheem [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
1:1 All the praise glory and thanks to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds [Who brings things into existence, nourishes, sustains, maintains, regularises, and directs them from their earliest state to that of ultimate completion and perfection].
[Hamd] [Rabb]
1:2 [O Allah, You are] the most Compassionate [Who has bestowed upon us countless blessings without us doing any effort to get them {7:57, 25:48, 27:63, 28:73, 30:46, 42:28}], the most Beneficent [Who reward graciously to those who live according to Your Prescribed Way of Life {7:156, 9:99, 12:56, 21:75, 21:86, 29:23, 45:30, 57:28}].
1:3 [You are] the Supreme Ruler of the Day of Complete Submission [to Your Sovereignty, when no one will be subservient to another and all matters will be decided in accordance with Your Prescribed Laws {9:33, 82:17-19}]; the Absolute Master {17:111} [Who possess the right over everything and Has power to direct and control them according to Your Self-defined Laws] of the day of Judgement {26:82, 37:20-21} and Recompense {51:12-13, 56:56}[when none whosoever will have power to do anything for anyone and all the affairs will take place according to Your Sole Command {82:17-19}].
[Malik] [Yaum] [Deen]
1:4 [Realizing these facts, we affirm that] We serve , You alone [by obeying Your Commands and doing only what is in accordance with Your Commands] and we entreat You alone to help us [in this commitment of ours] [We realize that You are the One Whose help should be sought {12:18, 21:112} with patient preservation and earnest supplication {2:153, 2:45, 7:128}].
Ibadat [1][2] [3] [4][5]; [Nastaeen]
1:5 Guide us, and cause us to take and keep following the right path that is direct, straight, undeviating, even and balanced {3:51, 6:153, 15:40-41, 19:36, 36:61, 43:64} , and will surely take us to the destination [that You have ordained for us].
[Hidayat][Siraat][Mustaqeem]
1:6 The path of those upon whom You bestowed blissful benefits [as a result of their obedience to Your Commands] {2:47, 31:20},
[Naimat]
1:7 Not of those who earned indignation, humiliation and misery [as a consequence of rejecting Your Commands] {2:61, 7:152, 8:53}, nor of those who erred, deviated from the straight path or lost the right way {37:69-71, 45:23} {29:69, 61:5}.
The wars of the Tyrants against their People
حرب الحكام ضد رعاياهم
صالح السنوسي
هناك حرب يشنها حكام ضد رعاياهم في ثلاثة أقطار عربية حتى الآن، وقد يزداد عددها في المستقبل بسبب تشابه المطالب وردات فعل الحكام في أقطار عربية أخرى, ولكن ما يهمنا في هذه اللحظة هي تلك التي يشنها حكام ليبيا وسوريا واليمن والتي لم تجد لها توصيفا يمكن أن يحدد صفتها كحرب.
ففي سوريا تأخذ طابع القتل المتعمد للمتظاهرين، وفي اليمن يصفونها بأنها القتل الممنهج للمعتصمين، أما في ليبيا فهي قصف شامل وعشوائي للمدن التي لا تقع تحت سيطرة كتائب القذافي.
"حرب الحكام ضد شعوبهم تأخذ طابع القتل المتعمد للمتظاهرين في سوريا, وفي اليمن يصفونها بأنها القتل الممنهج، أما في ليبيا فهي قصف شامل وعشوائي للمدن "لعل أهم ما يميز هذا الصراع هو أنه صراع لا يقبل بحلول وسط، وإن كان قد يسمح بقبول بعض الترتيبات التي تنتهي في آخر المطاف بهزيمة أحد الأطراف، وذلك للأسباب التالية:
1- وصول الصراع إلى نقطة اللاعودة، فقد ولغ هؤلاء الحكام في دماء محكوميهم إلى حد لم يسبق له مثيل في تجاربهم القمعية السابقة التي كانت تمارس ضد مدينة أو منطقة معزولة عن بقية مناطق الوطن المسيطر عليها، بالتالي فإن أعمال القمع والقتل وسقوط الضحايا تكون على الأغلب محصورة في هذه المدينة أو المنطقة التي جرت فيها الأحداث، أما في هذه المرة فقد كانت الانتفاضة ومن ثم الثورة شاملة ولم تقتصر على جزء معين من الإقليم، ولهذا فليس من المتصور قبول هذه الشعوب لحلول وسط يكون من نتائجها بقاء هؤلاء الحكام في السلطة بعد أن أصبحوا في نظر الجميع مجرمين وقتلة.
2- إنه صراع بين جماعة تريد أن تتحول إلى شعب وبين حكام يصرون على بقاء هذه الجماعة في وضع الرعية، فهي ليست احتجاجات مطلبية يمكن ترقيع النظام بتلبيتها، بل محاولة للقطع مع إرث في الثقافة السياسية وفي شؤون الحكم دام لأكثر من إلف عام، ولهذا بدا الصراع دمويا وليست فيه حلول وسط، لأنه ليس مجرد حرب يشنها القذافي وبشار الأسد وعلي عبد الله صالح ضد المتمردين على حكمهم من الرعايا التابعين لهم، بل هو صراع بين عصر جديد يبزغ ومرحلة تاريخية تتهاوى ولم تعد لجذورها تغذية في التربة السياسية والثقافية، ولكنها تحاول التشبث بالبقاء من خلال ردة فعل وحيدة، وهى العنف الدموي الذي يمارسه رموزها من أمثال حكام ليبيا وسوريا واليمن وغيرهم ممن سيجد نفسه في نفس الموقف.
إن سقوط النظام ورحيل الحكام، وهو الشعار الذي نسمع الملايين تردده في كل هذه الأقطار لا يعنى فقط رحيل الحكام عن ظهور رعاياهم بل يعني -في حقيقة الأمر- رحيل هذه المرحلة عن حاضر ومستقبل التاريخ العربي السياسي ليحل محلها عصر يفرض فيه الرعايا إرادتهم كشعب بالمعنى السياسي، أى أنهم أصحاب مشيئة وسيادة عليا وإرادة عامة حرة تكافئ وتعاقب وتمنح، فلا يتعالى ولا يتأله عليهم من يختارونه لإدارة شؤونهم في تعاقد حر خال من الإذعان.
غير أن الثمن الذي يجب على هؤلاء الرعايا أن يدفعوه لكي ينجزوا قطيعة تاريخية بهذا الحجم يجب أن يكون باهظا أسوة بما دفعته شعوب أخرى في تجارب تاريخية مماثلة، فلم تولد مقولة الشعب صاحب السيادة والإرادة العامة إلا بعد مخاض طويل وعسير عانت منه شعوب أوروبا وعبر صراع مرير دام ضد ملوك طغاة وقياصرة جبارين من أمثال آل البور بون وآل هابسبورغ وآل ستيوارت وفي مواجهة باباوات يدعون الحكم بتفويض من مملكة السماء.
"ضحت شعوب أوروبا لكي تتحرر من وضع الرعية التابعة التي لا حقوق سياسية لها واجترحت لنفسها تسمية الشعب وهي التسمية التي تعبر عن وضعها القانوني والسياسي "لقد دفعت شعوب الغرب أثمانا باهظة في مقابل أن تتحول من رعايا إلى شعوب حرة تمتلك السيادة والإرادة، فوصلت تكلفة أفعالها الجماعية التي قادتها على طريق إنجاز تلك القطيعة التاريخية، إلى تضحيات كبيرة، حيث قدر عدد الذين ماتوا في الاشتباك بين الجنود وثوار كومونة باريس -على سبيل المثال- بحوالي ثمانين ألف مواطن، ويقول هارولد تمبرلى في كتاب "أوروبا في القرنين التاسع عشر والعشرين" توجه الطلبة والأساتذة في النمسا إلى الإمبراطور في 12 مارس/آذار 1848 على رأس مظاهرة ثم وقع في اليوم الثاني الصدام بين الغوغاء والجنود، وانتهى بانضمام الجنود إلى الثوار، وأصدر الإمبراطور الدستور في الخامس والعشرين من أبريل/نيسان، وتحررت الصحافة وأقيم البرلمان وفي مارس/آذار أصدر البابا "بيوس التاسع" الدستور تحت ضغط الحركة الثورية في روما التي انتشرت في جميع أنحاء إيطاليا، ثم انتشرت إلى النمسا وهرب مترنيخ وسقط لوي فيليب ملك فرنسا، فمن رحم الفعل الجماعي ولدت قوة فاعلة كان يرمز لها في البداية بأصم غامض، وهو شعب باريس، ورويدا رويدا أخذت ما كانت تعرف بالعامة والغوغاء تتحول إلى شعب بمفهومه السياسي.
لقد ضحت شعوب أوروبا لكي تتحرر من وضع الرعية التابعة التي لا حقوق سياسية لها، واجترحت لنفسها تسمية الشعب، وهى التسمية التي تعبر عن وضعها القانوني والسياسي الذي يعكس قدرتها على إنتاج وتشكيل السلطة السياسية عبر التفاعلات الحرة لمختلف قواها الاجتماعية، بالتالي لا يكفي أي جماعة أن تستقر على إقليم محدد وتخضع لسلطة معترف بها لكي تحوز على صفة الشعب ما لم تجسد المعنى القانوني والسياسي لهذا المفهوم، فإن عجزت عن ذلك فإنها تظل في وضع الرعية مهما نعتها حكامها في خطاباتهم بصفة الشعب.
لعل القذافي أقل من نظيريه بشار الأسد وعلى عبد الله صالح، استخداما لهذه التسمية في خطاباته الموجهة إلى الليبيين ويفضل عليها تعبير الجماهير، وهي صفة تلحق بالبشر وهم في حالة كتلة دون تميز أفرادها بعضهم عن بعض، وهو وضع يناسب العقيد القذافي ويرسم العلاقة بينه وبينهم، فهو لا يريد أن يرى فيهم سوى كتلة متراصة حناجرها تهتف وأيديها تلوح وآذانها صاغية، وما عدا ذلك لا حاجة له بهم، فهو يضطلع بمهمة التفكير نيابة عنهم في جميع شؤون حياتهم وأمور دنياهم، بما في ذلك لون الطلاء الذي يجب أن تطلى به الجدران الخارجية لمنازلهم ومحلاتهم التجارية.
أما بشار الأسد وعلي عبد الله صالح فهما -للحق- مقلان في إطلاق صفة الجماهير على محكوميهم في خطاباتهما الموجهة إلى هؤلاء الرعايا، ولكنهما في واقع الحال لا يريدان من هؤلاء سوى أن يتصرفوا كجماهير تهتف وتصفق، ولعل الجلسة الأخيرة التي عقدها البرلمان السوري في لحظة حرجة من حياة سوريا خير دليل لكشف هذه الرغبة لدى هؤلاء الحكام، فبدلا من أن نسمع ونرى في هذه الجلسة جدلا يرتقي إلى مستوى خطورة ما يجرى، تحول مجلس الرعايا إلى شعراء يتبارون في تمجيد الرئيس وفي تبيان مناقبه.
أما علي عبد الله صالح -قبل إصابته وذهابه إلى العلاج- فقد كان حريصا على حشد أكبر كتلة بشرية يستطيع تجميعها بأي وسيلة في الساحة المضادة، ليسمع هتافاتها المصاحبة لخطاباته وهو يتوعد أولئك الذين غادروا ساحة الرعايا إلى ساحة الشعب.
"ثورة الرعايا العرب الآن اختلفت عن ثورة الرعايا الأوروبيين في القرن الـ18, فلم يكن في حوزة أولئك الملوك والقياصرة سوى المدافع والبنادق بينما يمتلك الحكام العرب الطائرات والدبابات والصواريخ "لا شك بأن ثورة الرعايا العرب في القرن الواحد والعشرين اختلفت عن ثورة الرعايا الأوروبيين في القرن الثامن عشر، فلم يكن في حوزة أولئك الملوك والقياصرة سوى المدافع والبنادق، بينما يمتلك الحكام العرب من أمثال القذافي وبشار الأسد وعلي عبد الله صالح الطائرات والدبابات والصواريخ وأنظمة الاتصالات، مما جعل هزيمتهم صعبة وتكلفتها باهظة في الأرواح رغم قلة عدد من معهم في مواجهة الملايين.
كذلك لم يكن بإمكان أولئك القياصرة أن يتهموا رعاياهم الثائرين عليهم آنذاك، بالخيانة والعمالة للولايات المتحدة والغرب والناتو، في حين يعاني الرعايا العرب الثائرون في هذا الوقت من آلة حرب جهنمية تسحقهم ومن اتهام هؤلاء الحكام لهم بأن ثورتهم ما هي إلا تفعيل لأجندات خارجية.
لعل أبرز التناقضات التي كشف عنها هذا الصراع هو أن هؤلاء الحكام كانوا ينعتون محكوميهم بصفة الشعب عندما كان هؤلاء مجرد رعايا، ولكن عندما تمرد هؤلاء الرعايا من أجل أن يكتسبوا الصفة الحقيقية للشعب بادرهم حكامهم بالحرب ونعتوهم بالشراذم والجرذان الضالعين في مؤامرات أجنبية ضد الوطن.
صالح السنوسي
هناك حرب يشنها حكام ضد رعاياهم في ثلاثة أقطار عربية حتى الآن، وقد يزداد عددها في المستقبل بسبب تشابه المطالب وردات فعل الحكام في أقطار عربية أخرى, ولكن ما يهمنا في هذه اللحظة هي تلك التي يشنها حكام ليبيا وسوريا واليمن والتي لم تجد لها توصيفا يمكن أن يحدد صفتها كحرب.
ففي سوريا تأخذ طابع القتل المتعمد للمتظاهرين، وفي اليمن يصفونها بأنها القتل الممنهج للمعتصمين، أما في ليبيا فهي قصف شامل وعشوائي للمدن التي لا تقع تحت سيطرة كتائب القذافي.
"حرب الحكام ضد شعوبهم تأخذ طابع القتل المتعمد للمتظاهرين في سوريا, وفي اليمن يصفونها بأنها القتل الممنهج، أما في ليبيا فهي قصف شامل وعشوائي للمدن "لعل أهم ما يميز هذا الصراع هو أنه صراع لا يقبل بحلول وسط، وإن كان قد يسمح بقبول بعض الترتيبات التي تنتهي في آخر المطاف بهزيمة أحد الأطراف، وذلك للأسباب التالية:
1- وصول الصراع إلى نقطة اللاعودة، فقد ولغ هؤلاء الحكام في دماء محكوميهم إلى حد لم يسبق له مثيل في تجاربهم القمعية السابقة التي كانت تمارس ضد مدينة أو منطقة معزولة عن بقية مناطق الوطن المسيطر عليها، بالتالي فإن أعمال القمع والقتل وسقوط الضحايا تكون على الأغلب محصورة في هذه المدينة أو المنطقة التي جرت فيها الأحداث، أما في هذه المرة فقد كانت الانتفاضة ومن ثم الثورة شاملة ولم تقتصر على جزء معين من الإقليم، ولهذا فليس من المتصور قبول هذه الشعوب لحلول وسط يكون من نتائجها بقاء هؤلاء الحكام في السلطة بعد أن أصبحوا في نظر الجميع مجرمين وقتلة.
2- إنه صراع بين جماعة تريد أن تتحول إلى شعب وبين حكام يصرون على بقاء هذه الجماعة في وضع الرعية، فهي ليست احتجاجات مطلبية يمكن ترقيع النظام بتلبيتها، بل محاولة للقطع مع إرث في الثقافة السياسية وفي شؤون الحكم دام لأكثر من إلف عام، ولهذا بدا الصراع دمويا وليست فيه حلول وسط، لأنه ليس مجرد حرب يشنها القذافي وبشار الأسد وعلي عبد الله صالح ضد المتمردين على حكمهم من الرعايا التابعين لهم، بل هو صراع بين عصر جديد يبزغ ومرحلة تاريخية تتهاوى ولم تعد لجذورها تغذية في التربة السياسية والثقافية، ولكنها تحاول التشبث بالبقاء من خلال ردة فعل وحيدة، وهى العنف الدموي الذي يمارسه رموزها من أمثال حكام ليبيا وسوريا واليمن وغيرهم ممن سيجد نفسه في نفس الموقف.
إن سقوط النظام ورحيل الحكام، وهو الشعار الذي نسمع الملايين تردده في كل هذه الأقطار لا يعنى فقط رحيل الحكام عن ظهور رعاياهم بل يعني -في حقيقة الأمر- رحيل هذه المرحلة عن حاضر ومستقبل التاريخ العربي السياسي ليحل محلها عصر يفرض فيه الرعايا إرادتهم كشعب بالمعنى السياسي، أى أنهم أصحاب مشيئة وسيادة عليا وإرادة عامة حرة تكافئ وتعاقب وتمنح، فلا يتعالى ولا يتأله عليهم من يختارونه لإدارة شؤونهم في تعاقد حر خال من الإذعان.
غير أن الثمن الذي يجب على هؤلاء الرعايا أن يدفعوه لكي ينجزوا قطيعة تاريخية بهذا الحجم يجب أن يكون باهظا أسوة بما دفعته شعوب أخرى في تجارب تاريخية مماثلة، فلم تولد مقولة الشعب صاحب السيادة والإرادة العامة إلا بعد مخاض طويل وعسير عانت منه شعوب أوروبا وعبر صراع مرير دام ضد ملوك طغاة وقياصرة جبارين من أمثال آل البور بون وآل هابسبورغ وآل ستيوارت وفي مواجهة باباوات يدعون الحكم بتفويض من مملكة السماء.
"ضحت شعوب أوروبا لكي تتحرر من وضع الرعية التابعة التي لا حقوق سياسية لها واجترحت لنفسها تسمية الشعب وهي التسمية التي تعبر عن وضعها القانوني والسياسي "لقد دفعت شعوب الغرب أثمانا باهظة في مقابل أن تتحول من رعايا إلى شعوب حرة تمتلك السيادة والإرادة، فوصلت تكلفة أفعالها الجماعية التي قادتها على طريق إنجاز تلك القطيعة التاريخية، إلى تضحيات كبيرة، حيث قدر عدد الذين ماتوا في الاشتباك بين الجنود وثوار كومونة باريس -على سبيل المثال- بحوالي ثمانين ألف مواطن، ويقول هارولد تمبرلى في كتاب "أوروبا في القرنين التاسع عشر والعشرين" توجه الطلبة والأساتذة في النمسا إلى الإمبراطور في 12 مارس/آذار 1848 على رأس مظاهرة ثم وقع في اليوم الثاني الصدام بين الغوغاء والجنود، وانتهى بانضمام الجنود إلى الثوار، وأصدر الإمبراطور الدستور في الخامس والعشرين من أبريل/نيسان، وتحررت الصحافة وأقيم البرلمان وفي مارس/آذار أصدر البابا "بيوس التاسع" الدستور تحت ضغط الحركة الثورية في روما التي انتشرت في جميع أنحاء إيطاليا، ثم انتشرت إلى النمسا وهرب مترنيخ وسقط لوي فيليب ملك فرنسا، فمن رحم الفعل الجماعي ولدت قوة فاعلة كان يرمز لها في البداية بأصم غامض، وهو شعب باريس، ورويدا رويدا أخذت ما كانت تعرف بالعامة والغوغاء تتحول إلى شعب بمفهومه السياسي.
لقد ضحت شعوب أوروبا لكي تتحرر من وضع الرعية التابعة التي لا حقوق سياسية لها، واجترحت لنفسها تسمية الشعب، وهى التسمية التي تعبر عن وضعها القانوني والسياسي الذي يعكس قدرتها على إنتاج وتشكيل السلطة السياسية عبر التفاعلات الحرة لمختلف قواها الاجتماعية، بالتالي لا يكفي أي جماعة أن تستقر على إقليم محدد وتخضع لسلطة معترف بها لكي تحوز على صفة الشعب ما لم تجسد المعنى القانوني والسياسي لهذا المفهوم، فإن عجزت عن ذلك فإنها تظل في وضع الرعية مهما نعتها حكامها في خطاباتهم بصفة الشعب.
لعل القذافي أقل من نظيريه بشار الأسد وعلى عبد الله صالح، استخداما لهذه التسمية في خطاباته الموجهة إلى الليبيين ويفضل عليها تعبير الجماهير، وهي صفة تلحق بالبشر وهم في حالة كتلة دون تميز أفرادها بعضهم عن بعض، وهو وضع يناسب العقيد القذافي ويرسم العلاقة بينه وبينهم، فهو لا يريد أن يرى فيهم سوى كتلة متراصة حناجرها تهتف وأيديها تلوح وآذانها صاغية، وما عدا ذلك لا حاجة له بهم، فهو يضطلع بمهمة التفكير نيابة عنهم في جميع شؤون حياتهم وأمور دنياهم، بما في ذلك لون الطلاء الذي يجب أن تطلى به الجدران الخارجية لمنازلهم ومحلاتهم التجارية.
أما بشار الأسد وعلي عبد الله صالح فهما -للحق- مقلان في إطلاق صفة الجماهير على محكوميهم في خطاباتهما الموجهة إلى هؤلاء الرعايا، ولكنهما في واقع الحال لا يريدان من هؤلاء سوى أن يتصرفوا كجماهير تهتف وتصفق، ولعل الجلسة الأخيرة التي عقدها البرلمان السوري في لحظة حرجة من حياة سوريا خير دليل لكشف هذه الرغبة لدى هؤلاء الحكام، فبدلا من أن نسمع ونرى في هذه الجلسة جدلا يرتقي إلى مستوى خطورة ما يجرى، تحول مجلس الرعايا إلى شعراء يتبارون في تمجيد الرئيس وفي تبيان مناقبه.
أما علي عبد الله صالح -قبل إصابته وذهابه إلى العلاج- فقد كان حريصا على حشد أكبر كتلة بشرية يستطيع تجميعها بأي وسيلة في الساحة المضادة، ليسمع هتافاتها المصاحبة لخطاباته وهو يتوعد أولئك الذين غادروا ساحة الرعايا إلى ساحة الشعب.
"ثورة الرعايا العرب الآن اختلفت عن ثورة الرعايا الأوروبيين في القرن الـ18, فلم يكن في حوزة أولئك الملوك والقياصرة سوى المدافع والبنادق بينما يمتلك الحكام العرب الطائرات والدبابات والصواريخ "لا شك بأن ثورة الرعايا العرب في القرن الواحد والعشرين اختلفت عن ثورة الرعايا الأوروبيين في القرن الثامن عشر، فلم يكن في حوزة أولئك الملوك والقياصرة سوى المدافع والبنادق، بينما يمتلك الحكام العرب من أمثال القذافي وبشار الأسد وعلي عبد الله صالح الطائرات والدبابات والصواريخ وأنظمة الاتصالات، مما جعل هزيمتهم صعبة وتكلفتها باهظة في الأرواح رغم قلة عدد من معهم في مواجهة الملايين.
كذلك لم يكن بإمكان أولئك القياصرة أن يتهموا رعاياهم الثائرين عليهم آنذاك، بالخيانة والعمالة للولايات المتحدة والغرب والناتو، في حين يعاني الرعايا العرب الثائرون في هذا الوقت من آلة حرب جهنمية تسحقهم ومن اتهام هؤلاء الحكام لهم بأن ثورتهم ما هي إلا تفعيل لأجندات خارجية.
لعل أبرز التناقضات التي كشف عنها هذا الصراع هو أن هؤلاء الحكام كانوا ينعتون محكوميهم بصفة الشعب عندما كان هؤلاء مجرد رعايا، ولكن عندما تمرد هؤلاء الرعايا من أجل أن يكتسبوا الصفة الحقيقية للشعب بادرهم حكامهم بالحرب ونعتوهم بالشراذم والجرذان الضالعين في مؤامرات أجنبية ضد الوطن.
The Arab Spring is getting strong with the support of The Arabs outside the Arab world
مظاهرات بلندن ضد الأنظمة العربية
المتظاهرون السوريون طالبوا بإسقاط النظام بعد ما ارتكبه من أعمال قتل (الجزيرة نت)
مدين ديرية-لندن
شهدت العاصمة البريطانية لندن أمس السبت مظاهرات طالبت بإسقاط أنظمة عربية عديدة، إذ تجمع عدد من المواطنين أمام سفارات بلادهم تضامنا مع ما يشهده عدد من الدول العربية من ثورات.واحتشد مئات السوريين أمام سفارة بلادهم احتجاجا على ما وصفوه بأعمال القتل والإرهاب التي يرتكبها النظام السوري.
وقال الدكتور خالد قمر الدين رئيس المكتب السياسي لتجمع المستقلين السوريين في بريطانيا، وهو تشكيل جديد يضم طيفا واسعا من المستقلين السورين للجزيرة نت، إن هذا التشكيل جاء بعد أعمال القتل والإرهاب التي مارسها النظام بحق العزل من أبناء الشعب السوري.وأوضح أن هذا التجمع يجمعه هدف واحد، وهو إسقاط النظام وإقامة انتخابات ديمقراطية حرة نزيهة، وبرنامجه يقوم فقط على دعم ومساندة مسيرة الثورة في سوريا.وأشار إلى أن التجمع غير مفوض بإجراء محادثات مع النظام، حيث إن صاحب الحق الوحيد هو الشعب وجماهير الثورة داخل سوريا، وأكد أن التجمع يقوم بدعم الثورة ماديا وسياسيا وإعلاميا ومعنويا.وقال إنه لا يمكن المباشرة بأي حوار مع النظام بوجود الدبابات وفي ظل بقاء السجناء رهن الاعتقال، حيث إن هناك أجواء يجب أن تسبق الحوار.
وأكد أن شرط الحوار أن يتم التفاوض على نقل السلطة إلى جماهير الثورة بشكل سلمي وسلس وخلال فترة يتم الاتفاق عليها.
البحرينيون طالبوا بمحاسبة المتسببين في عمليات القتل ببلدهم (الجزيرة نت)احتجاج بحرينيوتجمع عدد من البحرينيين خارج سفارتهم مطالبين بإطلاق المعتقلين في السجون البحرينية.وقال سعيد الشهابي القيادي في حركة أحرار البحرين في حديث للجزيرة نت إن التجمع أقيم للتعبير عن التضامن مع السجناء المقدر عددهم بألف سجين والمفصولين عن العمل وعددهم حوالي 200، إضافة إلى الأطباء الذين يمثلون أمام المحاكم.وأضاف أن البحرينيين في الخارج يعلنون تضامنهم مع الداخل ويطالبون بمحاكمة الذين تسببوا بقتل المواطنين وكل الجرائم بحقهم.وأوضح أن المنظمات الحقوقية الدولية على اطلاع كامل بما يجري وأصدرت العديد من البيانات حول ذلك وأيضا المفوضية السامية لحقوق الإنسان التي وصفت محاكمة الرموز وإصدار أحكام السجن المؤبد عليهم بأنها باطلة.عودة مصريةوعاد أبناء الجالية المصرية للاعتصام أمام سفارة بلادهم تضامنا مع ثوار ميدان التحرير، وقالت الناشطة المصرية عزة زكي للجزيرة نت إن المصريين يعودون مجددا يوميا للاعتصام أمام السفارة المصرية بلندن.
المتظاهرون المصريون سيستمرون باعتصامهم حتى تحقيق مطالبهم (الجزيرة نت)وأوضحت أنهم سيستمرون في ذلك حتى تحقيق مطالب الثورة وإلغاء المحاكمات التعسفية العسكرية وتنظيف القضاء وتطهير وزارة الخارجية ومؤسساتها، وإعادة النظر في الإعلام المصري وتحقيق حق الانتخاب للمصريين بالخارج.وشددت الناشطة المصرية على ضرورة تغير النظام بشكل كامل واستبعاد المسؤولين وكبار رموز الفساد من الدولة.
من جهة أخرى، تجمع عراقيون أمام السفارة الأميركية بلندن مطالبين بإطلاق المعتقلين من السجون العراقية.وجاءت هذه المظاهرات في الوقت الذي يستعد فيه أبناء الجالية اليمنية للتظاهر أمام سفارة اليمن، في حين تخطط مجموعة من الشبان الجزائريين للتظاهر للمطالبة بإسقاط النظام.
Blogger comment:
The role of the Arabs and Muslims outside the Arab world is very important since they can speak more freely and can organize to bring the corrupt Arab regimes down.
المتظاهرون السوريون طالبوا بإسقاط النظام بعد ما ارتكبه من أعمال قتل (الجزيرة نت)
مدين ديرية-لندن
شهدت العاصمة البريطانية لندن أمس السبت مظاهرات طالبت بإسقاط أنظمة عربية عديدة، إذ تجمع عدد من المواطنين أمام سفارات بلادهم تضامنا مع ما يشهده عدد من الدول العربية من ثورات.واحتشد مئات السوريين أمام سفارة بلادهم احتجاجا على ما وصفوه بأعمال القتل والإرهاب التي يرتكبها النظام السوري.
وقال الدكتور خالد قمر الدين رئيس المكتب السياسي لتجمع المستقلين السوريين في بريطانيا، وهو تشكيل جديد يضم طيفا واسعا من المستقلين السورين للجزيرة نت، إن هذا التشكيل جاء بعد أعمال القتل والإرهاب التي مارسها النظام بحق العزل من أبناء الشعب السوري.وأوضح أن هذا التجمع يجمعه هدف واحد، وهو إسقاط النظام وإقامة انتخابات ديمقراطية حرة نزيهة، وبرنامجه يقوم فقط على دعم ومساندة مسيرة الثورة في سوريا.وأشار إلى أن التجمع غير مفوض بإجراء محادثات مع النظام، حيث إن صاحب الحق الوحيد هو الشعب وجماهير الثورة داخل سوريا، وأكد أن التجمع يقوم بدعم الثورة ماديا وسياسيا وإعلاميا ومعنويا.وقال إنه لا يمكن المباشرة بأي حوار مع النظام بوجود الدبابات وفي ظل بقاء السجناء رهن الاعتقال، حيث إن هناك أجواء يجب أن تسبق الحوار.
وأكد أن شرط الحوار أن يتم التفاوض على نقل السلطة إلى جماهير الثورة بشكل سلمي وسلس وخلال فترة يتم الاتفاق عليها.
البحرينيون طالبوا بمحاسبة المتسببين في عمليات القتل ببلدهم (الجزيرة نت)احتجاج بحرينيوتجمع عدد من البحرينيين خارج سفارتهم مطالبين بإطلاق المعتقلين في السجون البحرينية.وقال سعيد الشهابي القيادي في حركة أحرار البحرين في حديث للجزيرة نت إن التجمع أقيم للتعبير عن التضامن مع السجناء المقدر عددهم بألف سجين والمفصولين عن العمل وعددهم حوالي 200، إضافة إلى الأطباء الذين يمثلون أمام المحاكم.وأضاف أن البحرينيين في الخارج يعلنون تضامنهم مع الداخل ويطالبون بمحاكمة الذين تسببوا بقتل المواطنين وكل الجرائم بحقهم.وأوضح أن المنظمات الحقوقية الدولية على اطلاع كامل بما يجري وأصدرت العديد من البيانات حول ذلك وأيضا المفوضية السامية لحقوق الإنسان التي وصفت محاكمة الرموز وإصدار أحكام السجن المؤبد عليهم بأنها باطلة.عودة مصريةوعاد أبناء الجالية المصرية للاعتصام أمام سفارة بلادهم تضامنا مع ثوار ميدان التحرير، وقالت الناشطة المصرية عزة زكي للجزيرة نت إن المصريين يعودون مجددا يوميا للاعتصام أمام السفارة المصرية بلندن.
المتظاهرون المصريون سيستمرون باعتصامهم حتى تحقيق مطالبهم (الجزيرة نت)وأوضحت أنهم سيستمرون في ذلك حتى تحقيق مطالب الثورة وإلغاء المحاكمات التعسفية العسكرية وتنظيف القضاء وتطهير وزارة الخارجية ومؤسساتها، وإعادة النظر في الإعلام المصري وتحقيق حق الانتخاب للمصريين بالخارج.وشددت الناشطة المصرية على ضرورة تغير النظام بشكل كامل واستبعاد المسؤولين وكبار رموز الفساد من الدولة.
من جهة أخرى، تجمع عراقيون أمام السفارة الأميركية بلندن مطالبين بإطلاق المعتقلين من السجون العراقية.وجاءت هذه المظاهرات في الوقت الذي يستعد فيه أبناء الجالية اليمنية للتظاهر أمام سفارة اليمن، في حين تخطط مجموعة من الشبان الجزائريين للتظاهر للمطالبة بإسقاط النظام.
Blogger comment:
The role of the Arabs and Muslims outside the Arab world is very important since they can speak more freely and can organize to bring the corrupt Arab regimes down.
Friday, July 01, 2011
Thus it is time to finish Gadafi before he exports the war to Europe
لأوروبا
القذافي قال إن التحالف الدولي يواجه كارثة إن لم يوقف عملياته (الجزيرة-أرشيف)
قال العقيد الليبي معمر القذافي اليوم إن نظامه قادر على نقل الحرب إلى أوروبا إن أراد، في كلمة صوتية ألقيت وسط الآلاف في الساحة الخضراء في طرابلس، حث فيها التحالف الدولي على إنهاء عملياته حتى لا يواجه "كارثة"، مؤكدا أنه لن يغادر الحكم.
وقال في كلمته التي بثت من مكان غير معلوم إن الشعب الليبي "قادر في يومٍ ما أن ينقل المعركة إلى البحر المتوسط وأوروبا، قد يستبيح بيوتكم ومكاتبكم وعائلاتكم لتصبح كلها أهدافا عسكرية مشروعة"، على أساس مبدأ المعاملة بالمثل كما ذكر.
وأضاف "إذا قررنا نحن قادرون على أن ننتقل إلى أوروبا، مثل الجراد مثل النحل، ولكن ننصحكم أن تتراجعوا قبل أن تحل بكم الكارثة".
وتعهد القذافي بألا يغادر السلطة، وقال إن قادة إيطاليا وفرنسا وبريطانيا إنما يحرثون "في البحر والرمل"، واستنكر مذكرات التوقيف التي أصدرتها المحكمة الجنائية الدولية بحقه وبحق نجله سيف الإسلام ورئيس استخباراته عبد الله السنوسي بتهمة ارتكاب جرائم حرب وجرائم ضد الإنسانية.
وكان تجمع اليوم في الساحة الخضراء من أكبر التجمعات التي التأمت تأييدا للقذافي منذ بدأ النزاع في فبراير/شباط الماضي.
مذكرات مضحكةوجاء خطاب القذافي بعد أربعة أيام من صدور مذكرات التوقيف التي عدها نجله سيف الإسلام بالمضحكة.
سيف الإسلام قال إن بلاده أخطأت بعدم بناء جيش قوي وبثقتها بالغرب (الجزيرة-أرشيف)وقال سيف الإسلام في لقاء مع قناة روسيا اليوم إنه لا علاقة له بعمليات القتل المنسوبة إليه، فـ"حتى المتمردون أنفسهم لا يتهموني باستخدام العنف أو قتل البشر، أنا لا أشغل أي منصب عسكري أو حكومي، من المضحك أن يتهموني بقتل الناس".
ووصف سيف الإسلام القتلى الذين سقطوا في الأيام الأولى بـ"مسلحين يحاولون اقتحام مراكز عسكرية.. عرفنا فيما بعد أن أكثرهم ينتمون إلى جماعات إسلامية، لكن الأوان قد فات".
مفاوضات سريةواعتبر أن بلاده أخطأت بعدم بناء جيش قوي، وبثقتها في الغرب الذي يلوّح حسبه بالمحكمة الجنائية، ويفاوض في الوقت نفسه النظام الليبي سرا للدفع به إلى صفقة تنهي الملاحقات بحق القادة الليبيين إن قبلوا بها.
وقال سيف الإسلام "الكثير من الدول -كإيران وكوريا الشمالية- تقول لنا هل اكتشفتم خطأكم أيها الليبيون؟ تخليتم عن أسلحة الدمار الشامل وأغلقتم برنامجكم لتصميم الصواريخ البالستية، وها هي النتيجة"، والدرس المستخلص من ذلك كما قال "كونوا أقوياء، لا تثقوا بالغرب أبدا".
واستطاعت المعارضة الليبية ممثلة في المجلس الوطني الانتقالي منذ بدء المعارك في فبراير/شباط الماضي السيطرة على أغلب الشرق الليبي، وعلى جيوب في جبال الغرب، لكن العاصمة طرابلس ما زالت تحت سيطرة القذافي.
القذافي قال إن التحالف الدولي يواجه كارثة إن لم يوقف عملياته (الجزيرة-أرشيف)
قال العقيد الليبي معمر القذافي اليوم إن نظامه قادر على نقل الحرب إلى أوروبا إن أراد، في كلمة صوتية ألقيت وسط الآلاف في الساحة الخضراء في طرابلس، حث فيها التحالف الدولي على إنهاء عملياته حتى لا يواجه "كارثة"، مؤكدا أنه لن يغادر الحكم.
وقال في كلمته التي بثت من مكان غير معلوم إن الشعب الليبي "قادر في يومٍ ما أن ينقل المعركة إلى البحر المتوسط وأوروبا، قد يستبيح بيوتكم ومكاتبكم وعائلاتكم لتصبح كلها أهدافا عسكرية مشروعة"، على أساس مبدأ المعاملة بالمثل كما ذكر.
وأضاف "إذا قررنا نحن قادرون على أن ننتقل إلى أوروبا، مثل الجراد مثل النحل، ولكن ننصحكم أن تتراجعوا قبل أن تحل بكم الكارثة".
وتعهد القذافي بألا يغادر السلطة، وقال إن قادة إيطاليا وفرنسا وبريطانيا إنما يحرثون "في البحر والرمل"، واستنكر مذكرات التوقيف التي أصدرتها المحكمة الجنائية الدولية بحقه وبحق نجله سيف الإسلام ورئيس استخباراته عبد الله السنوسي بتهمة ارتكاب جرائم حرب وجرائم ضد الإنسانية.
وكان تجمع اليوم في الساحة الخضراء من أكبر التجمعات التي التأمت تأييدا للقذافي منذ بدأ النزاع في فبراير/شباط الماضي.
مذكرات مضحكةوجاء خطاب القذافي بعد أربعة أيام من صدور مذكرات التوقيف التي عدها نجله سيف الإسلام بالمضحكة.
سيف الإسلام قال إن بلاده أخطأت بعدم بناء جيش قوي وبثقتها بالغرب (الجزيرة-أرشيف)وقال سيف الإسلام في لقاء مع قناة روسيا اليوم إنه لا علاقة له بعمليات القتل المنسوبة إليه، فـ"حتى المتمردون أنفسهم لا يتهموني باستخدام العنف أو قتل البشر، أنا لا أشغل أي منصب عسكري أو حكومي، من المضحك أن يتهموني بقتل الناس".
ووصف سيف الإسلام القتلى الذين سقطوا في الأيام الأولى بـ"مسلحين يحاولون اقتحام مراكز عسكرية.. عرفنا فيما بعد أن أكثرهم ينتمون إلى جماعات إسلامية، لكن الأوان قد فات".
مفاوضات سريةواعتبر أن بلاده أخطأت بعدم بناء جيش قوي، وبثقتها في الغرب الذي يلوّح حسبه بالمحكمة الجنائية، ويفاوض في الوقت نفسه النظام الليبي سرا للدفع به إلى صفقة تنهي الملاحقات بحق القادة الليبيين إن قبلوا بها.
وقال سيف الإسلام "الكثير من الدول -كإيران وكوريا الشمالية- تقول لنا هل اكتشفتم خطأكم أيها الليبيون؟ تخليتم عن أسلحة الدمار الشامل وأغلقتم برنامجكم لتصميم الصواريخ البالستية، وها هي النتيجة"، والدرس المستخلص من ذلك كما قال "كونوا أقوياء، لا تثقوا بالغرب أبدا".
واستطاعت المعارضة الليبية ممثلة في المجلس الوطني الانتقالي منذ بدء المعارك في فبراير/شباط الماضي السيطرة على أغلب الشرق الليبي، وعلى جيوب في جبال الغرب، لكن العاصمة طرابلس ما زالت تحت سيطرة القذافي.
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